IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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PhotpgTdphic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER  NY    MS80 

I  716  I  873-4503 


C/j 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproouctions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


□ 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


Linstitut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAes 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 


□ 


□ 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es.  tachetdes  ou  piquies 


I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


[~n    Showthrough/ 

I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 


Library, 

National  Museums  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
ginArositA  de: 

BibliotMque 

MusAes  Nationaux  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  cony  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  it6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^♦^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciich6,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

LF.G1:M)S  01-  TllH  NORTlIWHS'l 


r.v 


II      L     ( ;  ()  k  1)  n  \ 


,t'i<'    i7  "  I'-Uiin. 


(  1 1\  I  \l\l\ti 


Pki  1,1  in       Till    Mi-^-i^^ii'i'i. 


I'tll     I'l  .\■^l    or    I  Ml     \  IKI.1N-. 

A   I  l(,I- Ml  M^     1  Ml     |i\K'iI  AS. 


\\l\n\  A. 


\    I  H,IM)   I'l      1  llh     I'  \K'  1  •  \^. 


Ill     I  .1  I.I  M'  <  >|     Mil     I-  \1  I  V. 


\  I  i-i.iNn  "I    I  111    1'  \K"  :  \^ 


TiiK.  Si  \  ( ill  I,. 

I  Ml-   I'lll.w  A    I  I  l.lSh  !■!      .Ill-    II'    1  .    i-l-  I'   l.in  k»  ■'!    I    VKl-    »i    I  t-MiiK- 


Miwi  ii  i\k  \. 


SI       I'A  I    1..    M  INN. 
'IIII-.  s|       i'Al  I.   i;«niK    \M>  M  A'lK'M  KN    <  ' 


i,SM. 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM 


009;^oo 


I 


c<^/'  i  A- / 1: // 1    ^ i:  V r R  J.  I) 


HiM'ilN,   PaI.MKK  i>t   Ol.MiiM., 

I'KINTKKS, 

MINNHArul  In,  MINN. 


) 


PREFACE, 


'» 


Ihavc  lor -.cvcial  \car>  dcvotcti  m.iii\ of  iii\  IciMiu-  luim>  to  llic  ^tiidy 
of  the  langua^'c.  lii>tor\.  tra(lilion>.  <  ii^imn^  and  Mi|ici>tition>  (tf  the 
l)akotas.  I  hoc  Iiuhans  arc  now  i  oinmonly  (  allcil  tin.-  "Si..ii\ '"  ^  a  imiuc 
given  them  In  the  early  rrciit  h  tr  ider>  and  :v\,r-,Nr.s.  "  I  )akota. "  >ignilies 
aUuviiC  or  totiftiicration.  Many  sejiarale  l)an(U.  all  liaxini,'  a  (  onimon 
origin  and  speaking  a  coinmon  tongue,  were  united  under  thi>  name. 
See  "Tali  Koo  ll\i/i  k',tn."  or  "77/,  (,','.»/,•/  Ainoir^  tlu  Diikotas"  by 
Ste|>hen  R.  Kiggs.  jip.   i  to  o  inr. 

I  hey  were,  liut  yesterdax.  the  o(iti|i, uu>  and  owner>  »)('  the  tair  fore-.ls 
and  fertile  prairies  of  .\linne-<ota.  a  Inave.  iio>pitaI)le  and  generoii>  peo- 
ple, -barbarians,  indeed,  but  noble  ni  their  barbarism.  Ihey  maybe  fitly 
called  the  Iro.|uoi.s  of  the  Wot.  In  form  and  features,  in  language  and 
tratlition>.  they  are  distinct  from  all  other  Indian  tribo.  When  fn>,t 
vi>ited  by  white  men.  and  for  many  year>  aflcrward>.  the  I'all-,  of  .St. 
Anthony  i  by  them  called  the  Hallaiwa-  the  (enter  of  their  ( ountry. 
They  cultivateii  tobacco,  and  hunted  the  elk.  the  beaver  and  the  bison. 
'I'hey  were  i»pen-hearte.l.  truiiil'ul  and  brave.  In  their  war>  with  other 
tribes  they  seldom  slew  women  or  «  hildren.  and  rarely  sacrifice.!  the  lives 
of  their  pris«)ner>. 

l-or  many  year>  their  <  hief>  and  head  men  >ur. c^tuliv  roisted  the 
attempts  to  intritduce  >pirituou->  li(|uor>  among  them.  .More  than  a  ceti- 
tury  ago  an  Kngli.sh  trader  wa>  killed  .11  Mendoia.  becau>e  he  persisted, 
after  repeated  warning>  by  the  chiel>.  in  dealing  out  ///////  wakan  (  Devil- 
water;  to  the  Dakota  bravo. 


IV 


l^RIUACr. 


With  (ipfn  arms  and  gfiKioiis  liiis|iit.iliiy  tlu'y  wi-N  niiud  the  first  white 
men  to  their  land;  .\\u\  were  e\er  laithlnl  m  tiieir  Irieiid^liip,  till  ycar>  of 
\vr(tnj^  and  niMiery.  .md  want  and  in>ult.  dr<i\e  them  tn  desperation  ami 
to  war.  They  were  harbarians.  and  their  warfare  wa'>  harharons.  |»nt  not 
morr  |>arl)arou>  than  the  warfare  ot"  our  Saxon  and  (eltir  an«est(>rs.  They 
were  ignorant  and  Mii'er>tilion>.  but  their  romhtion  i  lo-.ely  resembled 
the  (  (iiulition  o|'  diM'  Itritish  lorelalher^  at  tlie  be^innin^  ot"  tiie  Christian 
era.  .Maranlay  sas>  of  liritain.  "Her  inhabitants,  when  lir^t  they  became 
known  to  tlie  I'yrian  mariner^,  were  litttle  >iiperior  to  ti\e  natives  of  the 
Sandwi<h  Islands."'  And  again,  "While  the  (ierinan  i>rin<eswho  reigned 
at  Paris.  Toledo.  .\rle>  and  ka\enna  listened  widi  rexfrence  to  the 
instructions  of  llish  »ps.  .tdored  the  relics  of  m.irtyrs.  and  took  part  eagerly 
in  dispntes  tone  hing  the  .\i<  ene  theologw  the  riders  ot"  \Vesse\  ami 
Mert  ia  were  still  performing  savage  lites  in  the  temples  of  Thor  and 
\\  oden. '' 

The  tl.iy  of  the  I)akotas  is  done.  The  degenerate  remnants  of 
that  on(  e  powcrl'nl  and  warlike  people  still  linger  around  the  I'orts  and 
agencies  of  the  .Northwest,  or  ( hase  the  (  aribou  and  the  bison  on  the 
banks  ot'  the  Sascatchewan.  but  the  hakota--  ot"  old  are  no  more.  The 
brilliant  defe.it  of  C'uster.  by  Sitting  Mull  .md  hi>  braves,  was  their  last 
grand  rallv  against  the  resistless  mart  h  of  the  sons  of  the  Saxons  and  the 
Celts.  The  plow  shares  of  a  superior  rate  are  fist  le\eling  the  sacred 
mounds  of  their  dead.  I>ut  yesterday,  the  shores  of  our  lakes,  and  our 
risers,  were  dotted  with  their  tepees.  I'heir  light  (  anoes  glided  over 
our  waters,  and  their  hunters  (based  the  deer  and  the  butfdo  on  the  sites 
of  our  cities.  'I'o-day.  ihey  are  not.  Let  us  do  justice  to  their  memory, 
for  there  was  mm  h  that  was  noble  in  their  n.uures. 

In  the  fallowing  Dakota  Legends  1  have  entleavored  to  fiithfully  repre- 
sent many  of  the  customs  and  superstitions,  ami  some  of  the  trailitions.  of 
that  people.  I  have  taken  very  little  "itoetit  license  "with  their  traditions; 
none,  whatever,  with  their  customs  and  superstitions.      In   my  studies  for 


I'HEIACE. 


thfse  I.c^'cn«l>  I  have  hccn  greatly  aidctl  by  Rev.  S.  R.  Kinj;s.  anihnr  (»f 
tlic  (ir.iininai  and  I  Jn  lioiiary  uf  tlu-  l>aki.ta  lanmiajic.  "  lah  Knu  W..I1 
Kan.  "  iVt ..  and  Tor  many  years  a  missionary  amt>nji  the  I)ak<>taN.  Mr  iia> 
patiently  answered  my  inimtMouN  in«iuirie>  and  j^ixcn  mc  valuahle  int'orma 
tion.  I  am  al»<»  indelttcd  t<>  (i«.n.  II.  II.  Sililex.  one  nl'  tin-  earliest 
.\meri<  an  tiader>  anxin^  them,  and  to  Re\ .  S.  \N  .  I'und.  nf  Shakopee, 
one  ol'  the  I'lr-l  I'nitotant  mis>i()naiie>  to  the>e  pe«)ple.  and  himsell'  the 
anthi>r  of'  poeti*  al  version^  ot'  >oine  of"  tlieii  print  i|>al  iegen(l>;  to  .\Ii>. 
Kastman'>  "  l)at  utali."  and  la>t.  but  not  lea>.t.  t<t  tlie  Ke\.  I'..  I  >.  Nrill. 
whose  admirable  "  111^1. ir\  t>l"  Minne-uta"  ><•  tiilly  and  raithliiil\  ]>irMnl-< 
almost  all  that  i*  known  ot  the  histor\.  tradition^.  1  nstom>.  manners  and 
superstitions  of"  the    hakotas. 

In  //'//;.'//,;  I  have  "tried  in\  hand"  on  I  le\.imeter  verse.  With  uh.il 
siK  <  ess,  I  leave  to  thos^-  wIk,  mk.-  better  able  to  judge  than  1.  It  I  li,i\e 
failed.  I  have  but  added  another  t.iilure  to  ilu-  numirous  \aiii  ailempts  to 
naturalize  Hexametei  \erse  in  the  l",iii;lish  languaj^e. 

The  llarl  ot'  l»erb\.  in  the  prel'ai  e  to  his  translation  ot  llu-  Iliad.  (  alb 
it  ■■  That  •pestilent  heresx'  of  the  so  i  ailed  lai-^lish  Hexameter;  a  metre 
\vh<»lly  repuj^nant  to  the  uenius  ot'  our  lan_i;uaj;e :  which  can  onl\  in.- 
pressed  into  the  ser\  ii  e  b\  axiolation  ot  e\ervrule  ot  prosody.  "  Lord 
Kames.  in  his  "lllemenls  ot"  Critit  ism.  '  say.s.  ".M.iny  .itiempts  ha\e  been 
madejo  introduce  He.\ameter  \  ersc  into  the  livinj.'  languages,  but  without 
success.  The  I'.nglish  language.  1  am  in<  lined  to  think,  is  not  sus«  eptible 
of  this  melody.  an<l  my  reasons  are  these:-  |-"ir>t.  the  polvsyllablcs  in 
Latin  and  (Jreek  are  tlijelv  diversit'ied  bv  long  and  short  s\  llables.  a  (  ir 
cumstanre  that  <|ualil"ies  them  tor  the  melody  of  Hexameter  verse :  ours 
are  extremely  ill  .jualilleti  t'or  that  scr\  it  e.  bi-eause  they  super-abound  in 
short  syllables,  ."^emndl).  the  bilk  of  our  monosyllables  are  arbitrary 
with  regard  to  length,  which   is  an   unlut  ky  <  irt  unistam  e  in    Hexameter. 

*       *        *        In  Latin   and  Cireek  Hexameter  invariable  sounds  diret  t 
and   ascertain   the    melv>d\.      liuiilish    Hexameter  would    be    destitute    of 


VI 


/'h'/:j.u/.. 


iTiL'lodx.  iinli»  I 'V  artful  I'ltiniiin  ialiim  ;  ln'caiisc  i\'(  iK'«i»ity  tlic  hulk  of 
it^  «<(»imils  inii>t  111'  .uliiliaix.  Tin-  |>i(inmi(  iation  is  t'a>y  in  a  simple  inovc- 
inrnt  of  altrrnati'  long  and  short  syllaMcs;  Imt  would  hi-  i)i'r|>lc\ing  ami 
impk'asant  in  the  di\cr>ilk'd  niovi'iiU'nl  of  HfvaiiicttT  \t'r-c.  " 

Ik-aiitiful  as  i>  tlir   /''.rttnf^i/inr  of  |,on.i;ti'llo\v.  hi>  I  lis.umicr  lines  are 
sometime^  hard  to  s(  an.  and  ol'ten  ^rate  har>hl\  on   ilie  ear.      He  is  fVe 
qiiently   fort  ed   to  <livide  a  word   hy  the  central  or  |'i\ot,il   pause  of  the 
line,  and  sometimes  to  make  a  pause  in  the  sen^e  where  the  rhythm  for- 
l»ids  it.      'lake  tor  example  some  of  the  opening  lines  of  /■'.: ii>i\:i /i>ir: 

"'{"Ills  i^  iIk-  fiuc^i  luinii'  v.il.       Tin-  intirmin  iii;^  piiR-s  ami  thf  Ik-miIik  k-. 

lliMrileti  with  moss,  ami  in  jjar  mciits  ^jreon.  imlistind  in  llii'  lwili^;lit, 
l.tMnl  frnin  its  loiky  lav  (.•in-,  ilio  cli't')i-\iiiicii  iifi^;iil)nrin^;  oican 

Spr.iks,  .iiul  in  aciL'iits  tli-inn  xil.Uf  aii-wir-tlio  uail  nl   tjic  fnrc^l. 
lay  in  tlic  fiuitl'ul  val  li-y.      \'a>l  mi'aiii'w-  -iri-ti  hcil  to  tlie  c.i-.tuaiil." 

.\gain.  in  order  to  iomply  with  the  (ireek  and  Latin  rule  of  beginning 
each  line  with  a  /(W,;-^  sxllahle.  he  is  etJUijielled  to  emphasize  words 
contrary  to  the  sense.      I'Aamples: 

///  ilif  Aiailian  laml,  im  the  slioies  of  the  Hasin  of  Minis. 

.S'l'w,  wliat  ajiart  fiom  ihi"  \'     'a_L;e,  ami  ni-arcr  the  Ha^in  of  Minas. 

/■>iit  a  leii'-li.i!  hrij^lit   ncs--  a  more  cilKTiai  heauiy. 

,///./  the  letieatinj;  sun  the  sij^jn  of  the  seoipion  enters. 

/«-(U)ors.  warmed  liy  the  wide-  mouthed  l'irc|ilaee  idly  the  farmer, 

Ffiir  times  the  smi  had  ris  en  and  --et;  ami  now  on  ilie  tifth  ilay, 

"(Ireek  and  Latin  Hexameter  lines,  as  to  time,  xck:  all  of  the  same 
length,  being  ecinivalent  to  the  lime  taken  in  pronouncing  twelve  long 
syllables,  or  twenty-four  short  ones.  An  Hexameter  line  may  consist  of 
seventeen  syllables,  and  when  regular  anil  not  Spondiac,  it  never  has 
fewer  than  thirteen:  whence  it  follows  that  where  the  syllables  are  many, 
the  plurality  must  be  short ;  where  t"ew,  the  plurality  must  be  h)ng. 

This  line  is  susceptible  of  much  variety  as  to  the  succession  of  long 
and  short  syllables.  It  is  however  subject  to  laws  that  confine  its  variety 
within  certain  limits.     *     ^^     * 


PRIU  All.. 


vii 


of 


i-t.       riu'   Iiiu'   iniisl    always  (uinnK'im-  with  . I /,»//(,'  syll.iMi'.  ,111.1   .  l(»se 
with  two  IdHj,'  pri-t  I'llcl  I)\  two  ^Imrt. 

-'•I.  Mori-  thill  two  >h<)rt  syll.il.lo  i  an  iu'\ci  la-  Imiinl  tunL-thiT,  nor 
/tii'ti  than  two, 

.Vl  Two  long  ,yll.il.K>  whic  h  ha\f  l.ccn  |.n'.f.lc.i  li\  tw..  sh..ii  i  an 
licit  A\^\t  \\c  |i illdw c<I  1)V  two  short. 

Tht'sf  tVw  iiilo  fiillill  all  tlu-  <oii.liii..n>  ot  .m  Hi\aiiulrr  line  with 
ifl.itioii  i(.  (II. Kt  III'  arranu'i-incnt.  "     /.,•/ ,i  A',rw,K  " /-.A ///<///.  ,y   (.'rUinsni." 

Oiu'  who  .itttiiii.t-  lowiitf  i;n,ulNh  IU-\anutir.  iin.kr  tlu-  (irc-i-k  and 
Latin  iiiK-s.  will  s|.i-ctiil\  hi-  inadi-  aw.ui.'  th.it  tin-  pji^lish  lai.jiuanc  ••-uin.-i- 
alxiiiiuis  in  -holt  syllal)k>.  "  W  h\  then  should  we  rigidly  adhere  to  rules 
re|iii,u'naiit  t.i  the  genius  ol"  nur  lani;na.ue.  il'  they  ean  lie  inodilied  s.i  as  to 
adapt  the  sduomus  llesanieter  to  the  stnn  tiire  o|"  mu  mother  tongue? 
(an  they  he  s..  niodillcd?  I  have  atteini.ted  it.  I  \enture  to  (  hanne 
them  as  tollows; 

1st.  Il\  lie.uinnini;  e.u  h  line  with  a  v//,-//  >yllalile  instead  <i|"  a  Idiiu  one. 
•And  it  will  lie  seen  that  I  ol'ten  lieyin  a  line  with  two  sjuirt  syll.ililes. 

-'d.      Hy  ol'ten  usini;  one  sh,,,!  >yilal.lc  una.  *  ompanied  !iy  .mother. 

,?d.  I  have  iiiereased  the  .iveraye  numlier  ..t"  syHahles  in  the  line  to 
better  aiLipt  it  to  mu  su|ier-aliundan(  e  ol"  >hort  syllaliics. 

4tli.  In  ll'nioiht  1  have  introdure<l  a  riiyme  at  the  pisot.d  pause  <it'  the 
line,  not  betause  my  Hexameter  re.|iiircs  it.  Imt  because  I  think  it 
iiu  reases  the  melod\.  .md  more  emphatieally  marks  the  <  eiitral  pause. 

I  am  not  .|uite  sure  ih.it.  in  a  ioiiu  iMieui.  the  rh\ine  is  n..t  detrimental. 
That  depends  greatly,  however,  up.m  the  -^kill  with  whieh  it  is  handled. 
Suiely  the  same  Hexameter  e.m  be  written  as  sni.Mithly  and  more  vigor- 
ously without  rhyme.  Rhyme  .uMs  greatly  to  the  labor  ol"  <,.m|i.)- 
sition;  it  rarely  assists,  but  often  hinders,  the  exjiression  of  the  sense 
which  the  author  wouM  .onvcy.  .\t  times  F  have  been  ..n  the  point  of 
abandoning  it  in  .lespair.  but  af'tcr  having  been  under  the  hammer  and  the 


Vlll 


I'RI-.IAC/:. 


nic.nt    intcivalx  for   the   la,t    four   ;,cMrs.    /r///,-;/,,  i.  at    la.t  ,/,-//,•.    if    not 
rini>hf(l. 

It  will  W  ..IkltvoI  that  1  have-  ^liyhtly  <  han-cl  the  length  and  the 
rhythm  nf  the  ..j.l  Hexameter  line:  l.ut  it  is  Mill  H.'xan.elei.  and.  1  think, 
imi.rov.l.  i  am  not  afV.ii.l  of  uHclligent  .  riticiMU.  I  invoke  it.  an.l  uill 
cn(Ie:ivor  to  |,n,nt  l,y  it  in  the  I'liture  a>  in  the  paM. 

The  re-epiion  of  ,n\  ••/'-,//////,."  at  home  an.l  ahroad.  hi.  lux-n  m; 
tl.itteiing  that  I  h,a  e  been  en.  oma-e.l  t..  attempt  ^omelhin-  heller.  That 
wa.  my  hiM  ,val  etto,t  an.i  full  of  .ni.litie-  but  if  tlu-  I,eg.'iul>  are 
re.  eive.l  bv  our  best  <  nli.->  a^  well  as  - /',.//////,• "  was  re.  eived.  I  shall  be 
well  pleased  with  m\  elforis. 

After  mu.h  thou J„  I  have  .ieci.le.l  I.,  publish  the  fiis,  edition  .,f  my 
/'■.:,^ //,/>  here  at  home. 

1st.  lie.  aiisc  they  pertain  parti,  ularlx  t..  the  lakes  an.l  rivers,  to  the 
fair  f.,re^.s  an.l  fertile  fiehls  of  ,,ur  nun  Minnesota;  and  ou^ht  t..  be 
apjire.  iated  here  if  anvwhere. 

->.l.  iJe.aus,.  ,nanv  .,f  our  pe..p!e  are  .  ompelent  t..  ju.lge  whether 
mv  representations  of  |  )a'<ota  .ustoms.  lite,  tra.litio,,.  an.l  supersliti..ns 
are  .orre.t  or  not  :  and.  at  the  >ame  time,  the  reading  publi.:  ,,f  the  .\,.rlh 
west  is  as  intelligent  and  .hscriminatmg  as  that  of  any  .,ther  p,.rtion  ..f  ..ur 
<  ountry.  If  thes,-  /.^v//,/.  be  appre.iate.l  and  appr.-ved  by  ..ur  own  pe..- 
plv.  wh,,  are  tamiliar  with  the  s,:enery  .lescribe.i.  an.l  more  ..r  less,  with  the 
rast.HUs.  tra.liti..ns  an.l  superstitions  of  the  Dakota.:  an.l  if.  bevon.l  that, 
these  p,.ems  shall  stan.I  the  test  of  ,  an.li.l  (riti.isni.  I  may  give  them  a 
vvi.ler  publicaiion. 

H.     I,.    (loKKiix. 

-MiNM.M'. )j.is.   lune  I.   i.S.Si. 


\ 


I 


VllW'il      I  HI-  Mlssl-sll  11     \l    1  i.H  I    vM-li  IM, 


PRELUDE 


'I'm     .Mi~>i>^ii'i'i. 

(  )ir.var(l   roll^  tlu'    l\<i\.il    l\\cr.    luoiullv   -wfcpinu   to   the   M.'a, 

|)aik    and   dccii   and   ^rand.   turcv^T  wrapt    in   ui.th   and   niy^tfiv. 

I.o  he   hui^hs    aloii:;   the  hiL;hhind>.   leajiinu'  o'er  the  i^raiiite   w.dU; 

l.o   he   .bleeps   anioni,"   tlie   i>land>.    wheie   the   h)on    her   h)\ei"  calU. 

Still  hke  some  Ini^e  nion>ter  w  in<hn-  downward  thiDiiLih  the  prained  pKun-^. 

SeeUinL;   rest   but   never   rinding.    1:11   the   tropic   unit'  he  gairi'^. 

In   his  mighty  arms   he  (  la-i>eih   now   an   empire  hroad   and  gran(l; 

In   his   left   hand  lo  he  gra>pelh   leagiie>  ot'   ten   and   torer>t   land: 

In   his   riuht.    the  miuht\-  mountain^.   hoar\    with   eternal   -now. 

Where  a  thousand   t'oaming  t"ountain>   -.inginL;  >eel<   the   plain-  lielow. 


10 


PNiu.rnE 


Field- 


ot   forn   ami   t'cit   ol   cities  lo  the 


i^ht 


V  river  lavL-' 


^^'hc■rc  the  Saxon   sinii^  his  ditties  </er  the  swartliv  warrior 


>    "raves. 


.\\e.  before   the  l.iitli   ot'  Moses — ere  the    Pyramid 


>  were  piled 


All  his  hanks  were   red   with  ro^es  fVoiii   the  sea   t  )   noriaiids  wild, 
And  from  forist.   ten   and  meadows,   in  the  deserts  of  the  north. 
Klk    and  bison  j^talked  like  shadow-,  and  the  tawny    tribes  came  forth 
heeds  of   death  and  deeds  of   daring  on  his  leafy    banks  were  done— 


W 


omen   loved  and  men  went   warriiv'- 


-ere 


thi 


e  siege  of    Troy  bemm. 


Where  his  wayward   waters  thundered,   roaring  (/er  the  ro<  ky  walls, 
I)u--k\    hunters  >al   and   wondered,   listening  to  the   >|>irit>'  rall>. 
"Ha-ha!""  cried  the  warrior  greeting  from  afar  the  catarat  r>     roar; 
"  Ha-ha  I"  rolletl  the  answer,  beating  down  the  rf)ck-ribbed  leagues  of  shore. 
Now,   alas,   the  bow  and  quiver  and   the  dusky  braves  have   fled. 
And   the  sullen,   shackled   river  drives  the  droning  mills  instead. 

Where  the   war-whoop   rose,   and.   after,  women  wailed  their  warriors  slain, 
l,i>t    the  Sa.\on"s  silvery  laughter,   and  his  humming  hives  of  gain. 
S\vit"tl\    --ped   the  tawny  runner  o'er  the  pathless  i»rairie>  then. 
Now   the  iron-reindeer  sooner  carrie>  weal   or  woe   to  men. 
On   th\    bosom.    Royal    River,   silent   sped   the  birch  canoe, 
lieaiing  brave  with   bow  and   (|ui\er,   on  his  way  to  war  or  woo: 
Now  with,  llaunting  tlags  and  streamers  -mighty  monsters  of  the  deep — 
I.o  the  putting,   panting  steamers,   through  thy  foaming  w.iters  sweep; 
And  behold   the  grain-fields  golden,   where  the  bison  grazed  of  eld  ; 
See  the  fanes  of  forests  oldeii  bv  the  ruthless  Saxon  felled. — 
Plumed  pines  that  spread  their  shadows  ere  Cohwnbus   spread  his  sails. 
Firs  that  fringed  the  mossy  meatlows  ere  the  MayMower  braved  the  gales. 
Iron  oaks  that  nourished  bruin   while  the   X'ikings  roamed  the  main. 
Crashing  fVdl   in   biitken   ruin   for  the  greedy  marts  of  gain. 


Still  torever  and  forever  rolls  the  restless  river  on, 
Slumbering  oft  but  ceasing  never,   while  the  cinling  centuries 


rtm. 


)rth : 
ic— 
II. 


)re. 


nil. 


/'A'/:/.r/U':.  ii 

In    his   palni    the  lakelet   liiiuei-'.   in   IiIn   hair   iIk-  luotikletN   hide. 
(ira>pe(i   within   his  tlioii>ancl  rinuer>  lies  a    tontinent    lair     nil   wide. — 
\'ea.   a  mighty  empire  >\vamiing  with  its  milli()n>  like   the  liees, 
hehing,   dnidging.   stri\iiig,   storming,  all   their  lives,   tor  golden   fa>e. 

Still,   niethinks.   the  dii>ky  shadows  of  the  days  that   are  no  more 
Stalk   around  the   lakes  and   meadow^,   haunting  oft  the  wonted  --hore. — 
Hunters  from   the   land  of  spirits  >eek   the  bison   and  the    deer. 
Where    the   Saxon    now    inl.erits   golden   tield    and    ^ilser    mere; 
And  beside    the  mound  wIktc  burried    lies  the  dark-eved  maid   he  loves. 
Some   tall    warrior,    wan  and   wearied,    in    tlie   misty  moonlight   moves. 
See — he   stands   eiect   and    lingers — stoic   still,   but    loth    to   g,) — 
Clutching   in   his  tawny   lingers  feathered   shaft    and    poli>hcd    bow. 
N'ever   wail    or   moan    lie   utters  ami    no   tear  is  on    his   face. 
I'ut    a   warrior's   cur->e    he   mutters    on    the   crat'ty    Sa\on    race. 

()    thou   dark,    mysterious    River.    s|>eak   and   tell    thy   tales  ti>   me; 

Seal    not    up  thy  lips   fore\er — veiled    in    mist  and   m\stery. 

I    will   >it    and   lowly   li>ten    at   the    phantom-haunted   tails. 

Where  thy   waters   foam   and  glisten   o'er   the   rugged,   rocky    walls. 

Till    Mome   spirit  of   the   olden,  mystic,   weird,   romantic    davs 

Shall  emerge  and   pour  her  golden    tales  and   legends   through  my  lays. 

Then   again    the   elk    and   bison   on   thy  grassy  banks   >hall   teed. 

And    along    the   low   hori/on    >hall    the  plun.ed   hunter   >peed  ; 

Tlien    again    (ju   lake   and   river   >\\a\\   the   >ilent    birch   (  anoe 

Hear   the   brave    with    bow   and    (jui\er   on    hi>    wa\    to    wai'    or    woo: 

Then   the   beaver  on   the   meadow    >hall   rebuild   hi>  broken    w.dl. 

And   the    wolf  >hall    cha^e   his  shadow  and    his   mate    the     panther  (all. 

From   the   prairies  and  the  region'^  where   the    pine  j»lumed  torest   grows 

Shall  arise  the  tawny  legions  with   their  lance>  and   their  bows; 

And  again   the  .shouts  of  battle  shall  resound   along  the   plain. 

Bows  shall  twang  and  i[uivers  rattle,   women    wail    their    warriors    slain. 


THE  FEAST  OF  THE  VIRGINS, 


A  i,i:(;i;.\i)  oi    iiii'.  dakoias. 

( 111  piMiiiiiiiRiiij;  I  >.ikot.i  wnrd- j^'ivc  "a"  the  ^miid    of  "ali" — "e"   the   scmiuli.r  ".i" 

"i"  the  Miiuiil  of  -c"  and  "u"  tlie  ^uiiiid  III'  " "sound    "co"  a^   in     ijigli^li.      The    nii- 

nicrals,  i,  2,  etc.,  it'lt'i"  l<<  I'Splaiiatm)  notC'^  in  the  ai'|ii.'iidi\. ) 


'nil';  (;amk  ok  isai.i,. - 


Clear   was   tlic   ■>!<>■   as   a   mIvlt  >hiel(l : 
'I'hc   blight    sun   hla/cd    on    thr    iVo/cn    tk-'.il. 
On    ice-houml    river   and    \vhi.te-robi.'il    prairie 
TIk'  diamonds   gleamed   in    the   tlame   ot"  noon; 
l!ut    cold    and    keen   were   the    Itree/es    airy 
U'a-/i-ya  '     blew  from    his   icy    throne. 

<  )n   the    solid    i(  e   of    the    silent  river 
The    bounds   are    marked,    and    a    splendid    pr'/e. 
A  robe  of   lilack-fox  lineil    with   beaver- 
Is    hung    in   view   of  the    eager    eyes; 
And  tifty    merry    I  >akota   maidens. 
The  fairest-moulded  o\   woman    kind. 
Are   gathered    in   grouii>   on    ihe  le\el    ice. 
They   look    on    the   robe   and    its  beautv  gladden-. 
And   maddens   their    heart>    for   the   splendid   pii/.e. 
I.o   the    rounded    ankles    and    ra\  en    hair 
That  floats  at   will    on  the   wanton   wind, 
And   the    round   brown    arms   to   the  bree/es   bare. 


It 


/•///:•    /•/•;. /.S7    OJ-     ■////■:    l/A'(;/Xx 

AiHl   I.ica>t>   I,kc-   the   ,n.„in.ls   wher.    ihc   watu>   .n,.vt,' 
And    fcft    a'^    llc'ct    a>    the    red   (Ieei">    feet. 
And    ta.e.   that    ^|,.\v    hke    the   full,    mnnd    ,n„on 
\Mien    >he   hiii-h.    in   the  hiniin.),i>    ^,kie^  oi  June. 

'I'hc   leaders  me  chosen   and   >\virtly  chvide 
'I'hi-    opiM-Mn-    |.aitie>   on    either    >ide. 
VVis\a>ti''  is    iliief  ot"  a    nimble   I.aiul, 
'I'lic    star-eyed    (hui-hter    ct"    lattle    Crow;" 
An.l    the    leader    (ii.,sen    to    hold    command 
or    the    hand    adverse    is    a  han-lity    foe  — 
'I'lie    dii^ky.    im|.ettiou>    I  larpstina,  ' 
'i'he    i|Meenly    cousin    of    W'apa.-a.  ' 

Ka|K')/a'>    chief  and    his    tawny    hunters 

Are    -athered    to    witness    tiic    (lueenly    irame. 

'I'he-    l.all    is    thrown    and    a    hat    en.ounters. 

And    away    it    tlie>    with   a    lond    a.  (  iaim. 

Swift    are    the    maidens    that    follow    after, 

And    swit'tly    it    tlie>    for    the    farther    hound; 

And    Ion-    and    loud    are   the    i-eaU  of  laughter, 

As    some    fair    runner    is    thing    to  ground ; 

^^■iule    backward    and    forward,    and    to    and    fro, 

'I'h,'    maidens    ( ontend    on    the    trampled    snow. 

^^■ith  loud  "ih,;:    it,;;    ih,;;- ■ 

Anil    waving    the    beautiful     prize    anon. 

'I'he    dusky    warrior-,    cheer    them    on. 

And    often    the    limits    are    almost    passed, 

As    the    swift    ball    the>     and    returns.       At    last 

It    loaps    the    line    at    a    single    bound 

i-'iom    the    fair    Wiwastes    sturdy    stroke, 


rni:  ri'Asi  or  ////■:  i/a'c;/.vs. 

I.iko    a    fawn    that    \]k->    tVoin    tin-    I.ayiii-    hoiiiul. 
Wild    wcif    tlic    >li.)iit>.    and    they    lolKd    and    broke 
On    the    lii-cthn^:,'    l.liitt>    and    tin.-    hill^  i.K.t'.umd. 
An    l■(h(lin^l,^    iul)ihint    ^ca    ot"   xjinid. 
\N'akaua.    the    <  liii-t'.    and    the     loud    act  laini 
AniK.nnr  L'd    tl)c    end    ot'  the    well  louijht    ,L;ame. 
And    the    fair    \\i\va>te    \va>    \  i(  tor    (lowned. 

Dark    \va>    the    visage    of   llarp-^tina 

\\'hen    the    robe    \va->    laid    at    her    risal".-,    feet. 

And    inerr\     maidens    and    warriors    >a\v 

I  lei     tlashini;    eyes    and    her    l.iok    of    hate. 

A>    she    turned    to    Wakawa.    tlie    (  hief.   and    >aid : — 

"liic    i^anie    ua-,    mine    were    it   t'airlv    plaved. 

I    was    >tnnned    by    a    blow    on    my    bended    Iiead. 

As    I    snatched    the    ball    from    >li|)|)erv    ground 

Not    half   a    tlni-    from    WiwaMe's    bi)und. 

An<l    the    (heat      I)ehold    her!    tor    there    >he    stands 

\N'ith    the    prize    that    is    mine    in    her    treat  herou^   hand 

'I'he    tawn    may    tly.    but    the    wolf  is    tleet : 

The    fox    creeps    sly    on    .\Iai;a">'     retreat: 

And    a    woman's    revenue     i-    is    swift    and    sweet." 

She    turned    to   her    lod-e.    but    a    roar    of   laui,'hter 

And    merry    mo(  kery    followed    al"ter. 

lattle    they    heeded    the    words    she    >aid. 

Little    they    tared    tor    her    hauj^dity    tread. 

I'or    maidens    and    warriors  and    t  hieftain    knew 

'I'hat    iter   lij.s    were    fal>e    and    her    char-e    mitrue. 

^^■iwa^te.    the    fairest    Dakota    maiden. 
The    .swecl-facetl    daUjjluer   of    l.ittlc    Cruw, 


Ill/:    I- EAST  Oh     THI'.     I  /A'(;/.\S. 


r<>    lu'i     ti'L'iai'    tinned     with    lu-r    tri)|ili\     Liden 

I  he    hhn  k    lolii-    tra  Iin,<,'    ila-    vin^in    xiow. 

Ilcl(>\c(l    ua>    -^ln-    \)\     Ikt    piiiiccK-    fathri. 

i:rl()\i(l    was    >1k'    l.y    tlu-    yoln1,^    ami   ..Id. 

l!y   nuMiy    maidens    and    nian\     a    niollicr, 

And    many    a    warrior    l.ron/t-d    and    hold. 

I'<ir    lu-r    \.uv    \va>    as    fair    as    a    la'anlifnl    dn-am. 

And    lii'r    voice    like    tlie    -oni^    of    the    nionnlain    sire 

And    hrr    cyt-s    like    the    >tars    when    thev    -low    and 

liiron-li    the    sctmher    i>ine>    of    the    noiiand    wold. 

WluMi    the    winds    of    winter    are    keen    and    (..|d. 

Mah  |.i  yj     I  )ii  ta.  '-    tiie    tali     Red    Cloud. 

A    huntei'    -^wifi    and    a    warrior    proud. 

With    man\     a    -^car    and    many   a    tVatiier. 

\Va->    a    -sui;  >r    bold    and    a    lover    fond. 

I.oni^    iiad    lu-    coiuteil    Wiwaste's    tather. 

I.onii    had    he    sued    t'or    the    maiden'>    hand. 

Aye,    l.rave   and    proud    was    the    tall     Red    ('loud. 

A    peerle'-s    >on    of   a    ,L;iant    race. 

And    the    eyes    of   the    panther    were    >et    in    his    face. 

He    strode    lik<,'    a    stag,    and    Ik-    >tooil    like   a    j.ine: 

■|\'n    feathers    he    wore  of    the    ,^reat     \\ai'.m<lee :  " 

\\'ith    rrim->oned    .|uills    of  the    porcupine 

lli>    le^'L^ins    were    worked    to    his    hrawnv     knee. 

I  he    bow     he    bent    was    a    giant's    bow; 

The    >wit"t    red    elk    could    he    overtake. 

And    the    neekhu  e    that    j;irdled    his    brawnv    ne(  k 

Was    the    pt)lished    clavv^    of    the    i^reat    Matt')" 

He    L^rappled    and    slew    in    the    northern    -now. 


am  ; 
L^leam 


Till:    l-K.iST   Ol    Till:     IVA'dlXS. 

\\'i\\i\->\i-    Idokfd    on    tlic   wiurior   tall; 

She    saw    he    w.i'^    luawny    and    luavc    and    L^rcuf, 

Jim    the    eye>    of  the    panther    •-he    could    l»ut    hate, 

And    a    hrave  lliilu''     Io\ed    >he    Letter    than    all. 

I.oved    \\a>    Mahpiya    !)\     llar|i^tina, 

Iiiit    tlie    warrior    she   ne\er    (ould    (harm    or    draw; 

Ami    Iiiiter    indeed    was    her    se*  ret    hate 

For    the    nKiiden    >lie    reckoned    mi    fortunate. 


HiAoKA  \\Ari'pi:E''-rm:  (Jiwrs  da.nck. 


'i'he    nig]it->nn '"    >ai!-.    in    hi>    ^oid    canoe. 

The  spirits'"  walk    in    the    realms    of   air 

With    their   ^^lowing    faces    and    flaming    hair, 

And    the    >hrill,    chill    winds    o'er    the    prairies    blow. 

In    the    Tee''  of   the   Council    the    \'irgms    light 

'l"he    \irgin-tire-"    for    the  feast    to-night; 

For    the   Sons    of   Heycjka    will    celebrate 

The    sacred   dame    to    the   giant    great. 

The    kettle    boils    on    the    bla/ing    fne. 

And    the    tle>h    is    done    to    the    chiefs    desire. 

With    his    >toic    face    to    the    >acred    l-:a>t. -• 

lie    takes    hi.-«    seat     U    the    (;ianl'>    l-'ea^t. 

For    the    feast    of   Heycika"    the    l.ra\e>    are    dressed 
Uith    crowns    from  the    hark    of    the    white-birch    trees. 
And    new    skin    leggins    that    reach    the    knees; 
U'ith    robes    of   the    bison    and    swarthy    bear, 
And   eagle-plumes    in   their   coal-black    hair, 


1ft  rill:  /■■/■:. tsf  ()/■   III  I,    \  ih'cfxs. 

And    iiKiiAcloiis    linj^s    in    llirii     lawii)-    cars, 

U'liii  li    wnc    iMcKi'd    with    tin-    points   ol"  tlicir   sinning  spears. 

Tn    Jionni     I  |(.'y()k:i.    Wak.iua    lit'ls 

His    I'lnning    i.i|u'    iVoni    thr    Redstone    (Jiiariy.  ■' 

The    warriors    follow.      'I'lic    uliiti-    (I I    drifts 

I'roin    thr    CoMiK  il  lodm'    to    the    welkin    siarrv. 

I.iki'    a    Co;;    at    morn    on    tin.-    fn- (  lad    hill. 

\\  lu'n    the    inradows    art;    danip    and    the    winds    arc    still. 

'I'lu'v   dame    to    the    tniii-    of  their    wild    •'lla-ha:" 

A     warriorV    shout    and    a    raven's    caw — 

('ir(  liiiLi    the    pol    and    the    lila/in^    lin- 

To    the    tomtom's    hray    and    the    rude    bassoon; 

Round    and    roinid    to    their    hcarl'>    desiie, 

And    e\er    the    same    wild    (haul    and    tunc — 

A    wai  riot's    shout    and    a    raven's    caw  — 

"llaha.     ha  ha,     ha  ha,      hal" 

'I'licy    croiK  h,    they    leap,    and    their    hinnin^'    eyes 

Idash    lierc(;    in    the    light    of   the    Ihiming    lire, 

As    fiercer    and    fiercer    and    higher    and    higher 

The    rude,    wild    note>    of    their    chant    arise. 

They    cease.    the\     sit,    and    the    curling    smoke 

.Ascends    .igain    from    their    polished    jiipes. 

.\nd    upward    curls    from    their    swartln    lijjs 

'I'o    the    (ii'd    whose    favor    their    hearts    invoke. 

'I'hen    tall    W'akawa     uose    and    said: 

"lirave   warriors,    listen,    and    give    (hie    heeil. 

(ireat    is    Ileytika.    the    m.agical    god; 

lie    can    walk    on    the    air;    he    can    tloat    on    the    tlooti. 

He's    a    worker    of  magic    ami    wonderful    \vi>e; 

He    cries    when    he    laughs    and    he    laughs    when    he    cries; 


I 


////•;  ii:.\.\i  Oh   nil:   iii<(;i.\s. 

He    >\MMtN    wlicn    Ik's    col. I,    .m.l    Ik-    xhivcrs    when    hot. 
And    the    water    i-    (u!.!    in    lu,    linilini;    [mt. 


10 


Ik-    liidc-^    in    llu-    e.Mih    and    lu-    walk- 


in   <h>miisf 


Mnt    he  h>ve>    tin-    l'ra\e    ami    their    ^aerilice. 

\N  e    aiL-   >ons    oi     llevoka.       The    (iiant    <  onnnamls 

In    the    l»(»ihn^    water    to    ihiii^l    oin-    liimN; 

And    tlie    warrior    that    Monielh    the    Ice    and     (Ire 

lle\«ika    will    rrown    with    hi■^    heari\    desire.  " 

'I'he\     thMi>t    their    hand>    in    the    I. oiling'    pot- 

'I'hey    ^wallow    the    lii>i)n  nit  at    >teainiitLi    hot; 

Not    a    win<  e    on    tlieir    --toil  al    fare-,   hold. 

l-'or    the    meat    and    ilie    water,    tiuy    >a)-,    are    (ohl; 

And    L^reat    i-     lleviika    and    woiKUrlnl    uiNe; 

lie    lli>at->    on    the    tlood    and    lie    walk^    in    the    ^kies, 

And    ever    a|i|iears    in    a    ^trniLje    di■^_^lli^e: 

I'liit    he    loves    the    hrave    ami    their    >a(:ri(l«e: 

And    the    warrior    that     -(.prnetli    the    toe    and    lire 

lleytika    will    crown    with    hi->   iieari'>    de>ire. 

rrou<l    was    the    (  hiet"  of    his    warriors    jirond. 
The    sinewy    --ons    nf    jhe    (iiant'^    race: 
Hut    the    brave>t  ot"    all    wa>    the    tail     Km]    Cloud: 
I  he    eye>    of  the    iiuiiher    were    •'et    in    hi•^    Lwc; 
He    -trode    like     i    >ta-    and    he    -tood    hke    a    pine; 
■|"en    leathers    he    wore  "f  ilu-    -reat    Wannider;" 
U'ith    « rinixined    c|nill>   of    the    ponnpine 
His    legiiin>    were    wurked    to    his    luawiiy    knee. 
Wood-red    were    the    -triiK-    on    hi>    >-.varlhy    <  heek, 
And    the    necklace    that    ginlled    hi-^    hrawnv    ne(  k 
U'l-    the    |H>li>hed  (laws    of    the    ^reat    Matd" 
He    grai'pled    and    -lew    iii    the    northern    -now. 


e 


-JO 


in  I:     11:  A  ST   or    rill:     llRiUXS. 


I'kmkI     Ki'd    {'Idiul     IiiiiiimI     Id    tlu-    1 


)I,U  l'» 


.111(1 


>.II<1 


.\>    111.'    ^Intuk    tlu-    |iliiiiK's    on    hi>    liaiii-lity    head: 
"I  III'    llic    warrior    lli.it    ■>(  .iriu'tli    tlu-    Iol'    and    (no 
llr\iika    will    irnun    with    lii>    liL-arl's    drsirc!" 
Ill'    snatched   iVmn    tlic    cuilitMs    a    n-d  iiot    itiand, 
And    held    it    alot't    ii     his    naki'd    hand. 


k'    ^t()(( 


1    hk 


I'    1    sl.iiiif    in    liron/c    or    ■>toiu- 


iN'ot    a    inii-(  k'    nio\L'<l,    ,iiid    the    l»ri\ 


c'>     loo 


kcd 


on. 


He    tinni'd    to    iIk-    (  hiclKiin, 


Morn    the    lire, 


Ten    fLMtlu-r^    I    we.ir  of   liic    LjriMl    \\'aniudt'e' 


hen    uirant    ine, 


\\ 


ikaw.i.    inv    hcarl 


s   (joire 


Let    the    snnli^lit    >liine    in    my    lonelv    tee." 
1    l.ninii   al    red    death    and    I    lau.^h    at    red    fire 
15ia\e     Red    ("loud    i^    only    atV.iid    of    fear; 
lUit    Wiwaste    is  fair    to    his    liearl    and     de.ir. 
Then    gi.mt    him,   Wakawa,    his    hcarl'n    desire." 


'i"he  wariiors  applauded  with  loud  "H,;!  Ho!" 
And  he  thiiv^  the  hr.iiid  to  the  drifting  miow. 
Three    times    Wakawa    jinlVed    forth    the 


I'rom 


nis    SI 


lent 


lii»s 


the  I 


1    he    slowlv   s 


smokt 
jioke : 

".Mahpi\a    is  strong    as    the    >toiit-armed    oak 
That    stands   on    the   bluff   by    the    windy   pla 


m. 


.And    laughs    at    the    roar    of  the    hurricane. 
He    has    slain    the    foe    and    the    great    .\[at(j 
With    his   hiding   arrf)w    and    deadly   strtjke. 
.\ly    heart    is    swift    but    my   tongue  is  slow. 
Let    the    warrior    coiiie    to    my    lodge   and    smoke 
He    may    bring    the    gifts  ;■•    but    the   timid  doe 
.May  \\\    from  the    hunter   and   say    him    no." 


////.  riAsr  ('/•    ////    \  ii<(,i\s. 


\Vi\va««ir    -".It    l.Ui-    ill    till'    linl^L'    aloiK*. 

I  III     (l.ltk     i-\L's    l)cnt     oil     llir    ^lowiii;^    lilf. 

Slu-    luMid    not    the    Wild    \\m(l>    -AwWX    aiiil    iii'Mii 


Sh 


e    111". 11(1    imt     lllr     t.ill    iliii>    lii>-.    .nid 


;riiaii 


il 


(.T    lai  f    \\a>    lit    like    ilic    harvi-i    nionn 


I'or    lu'i    tlitiiiylit>    tlrw    1,11     111    lur    luMit 


^    ih».iic. 


I 


ir    a\va\     in    tlu'    land    ol     ili< 


dwvll 


Tin.'    uiiiior    >Ik'    iu'ld    in    Iut    ^r(  um    licart  ; 
I'liit    littli-    Ik-    dicanu'd    nf    tiic    pain    -lie    K-Jt. 


I 


tir    >hf    hid    Iut    I«>\c    with    a    inaiili-n-«    art. 


N..t 


a    trai 


nc    shLMj 


lint    a    W'nd 


aid 


Wiien    the    fair    yoiin^    i  hit't'    rinm    tin-    i«id_L:r    dfparlrd: 

lint    >1k'    -at    (III    tlic    iiKMind    wIkmi    the    dav    \\a>    ilcad, 

And    ua/t'd    at    the    till!    inoun    mk'IIow  -  hfaitcd. 

lair    wa--    the    i  hici"    a^    tht-    iiannini;  -  ^tar : 

lli>    L'yc>    uiif    mild    and    hi>    \v<)^d■^    utre    Inu. 

lint    hi>    luMrl    ua->    ■^tiuiiLT    than    lam  c    or    bow; 

And    Irt    yoiini,^    iK'art    tiru     to    Ikt    Iiki-    alar 

( 'iT    iii>    trail    lonn    covered    with    ihitled    ^iiow. 

lint    --he    luard    a    warrior'^    ^tealtlu     tread. 

And    the    tall    W'akawa    apiieared.    awA    said  — 

"1>    \\'i\\a>le    atVaid    ot"    the    >i.irit    dread 

'liuit    rire>    tile    >ky    in    the    t'atal    noith?-" 

Iiehold    the    ni\  ■^te:  i(>"i>    liyii',>.       ( 'onie    torih. 

Some    evil    threaten-'.—  >ome    dan;4er    near-. 

For    the    >kie>    are    i>ierie(l    with    the    Imrning    -"j pears.  " 

'I'he    \varrior>    rally    beneath    the    moon: 

'I'liey    >hoot    their    >liat't>    at    the    e\il    -jiirit. 

The    sjiirit    i>    slain    and    the    tlame    i-^    i^one. 

And    his    blood    lies    red    on    the    >no\v-t]eld>-    near    it. 


o-> 


THE  fEASr  OF    TIfE    V/RGIXS. 

Hut    ayain   from    the   dead    will    the    spirit    rise. 
And    flash    hi>    spears    in    the    northern    skies. 

'I'hen    the    chief    and    the    (iiieenly    Wiwaste    stood 

Alone    in    the    moon -lit    solitude, 

And    she    wa-;    silent    and    he    was    <;rave. 

"And    fears    not    my    daughter    the    evil    spirit? 
The    strongest    warriors    and    braxest    fear    it. 
The    burning   spears    are    an    evil    omen; 
'J'hey    threaten    the    wrath    of    a   wic  ked    woman. 
<):•   a    treacherous    foe;     hut    my    warriors    brave. 
When    danger    nears,    or    the    foe    appears. 
Are    a    cloud    of    arrows.— a    grove    of    s|)ears. " 

".My    Father."    she    said,    and    her    words    were    low, 
"Why    should    I    fear?     for    I    sot)n    will    <ro 
To   the    broad,    blue   lodge    in    the    Spirit-land, 
\\  here    my   dark  -  eved    mother    went    Ion"    atro 
And    my    dear    twin    si>ters    walk    hand    in    hand. 
Afy    Father,   listen.— my    words    are    true," 
And    sad    was    her    voice   as    the    whippowil 
When    she    mourns    her    mate    by    the    moon -lit    rill, 
"Wiwaste    lingers    alone    with    vou ; 

'Ihe    rest    are    sleeping    on    yonder    hill, 

Save   one— and    he   an    nndutiful    son,— 

And    you,    my    Father,    will    sit    alone 

\\'hen    Sis6ka='    sings  and    the    snow    is    gone. 

1    sat.    when    the    mai)le    leaves    were    red, 

I5y    the    foaming    falls    of    the    haunted    river: 

The   night -sun    was   walking   above   my    head. 

And   the    arr.ws   shone    in    his    burnished  (juiver; 


THE   FEAST  OF   THE    IIRGIXS. 

And    the    winds    were    liushed    and    the    hour    was    dread 
With    the    walking  ghosts    of    the    silent    dead. 
I    heard    the   voice   of    the    Water  -  Fairv ; "" 


23 


I    saw    lier    form    in    the    moonlit 


mist. 


As    she    sat    on    a   stone    with    her  burden    weary, 

By    the    foaming    eddies    of    amethyst. 

And    robed    in    her    mantle  of    mist    the    sprite 

Her    low    wail    poured    on    the    silent    night. 

Then    the    spirit    spake,    and   the  flo(.)ds    were    still  — 

They    hushed    and    listened    to   what    she    saitl. 

And    hushed    was   the    plaint    of    the    w]iii)powil 

In    the    silver-birches    above   her    head : 

'Wiwaste, — the    prairies    are    green    and    fair, 

When    the    robin    sings    and    the    whii)powil; 

Hut    the    land    of    the    Spirits    is    fairer    still, 

P'or    the    winds    of    winter    blow    never    there; 

And    forever    the    songs    of    the    whippowils 

And    the    robins    are    heard    on    the    leafy    hills. 

Thy    mother    looks   from    her    lodge    above, — 

Her   fair    face    shines    in    the    sky    afar. 

And    the   eyes    of    thy    sisters    are    bright    with    love, 

As   they   ])eep    from    the    tee    of    the    mother-star. 

'J'o    her    happy    lodge    in    the    spirit-land 

She   beckons    W'iwdste    witli    shining    hand.' 

"My    Father, — my    l-'ather.    her    words    were    true; 

And    the    death    of    Wiwaste    will    rest    on    you. 

You    have    pledged    me    as    wife    to    the    tall    Red    Cloud; 

You   will    take    the    gifts   of    the   warrior    proud; 

But    I,   A\akawa, — 1    answer — never  I 

I    will    stain    your   knife   in    my    heart's    red   blood, 


w 


THE    I' EAST  OE    THE    \JKGE\S. 

I    will    plimgc    and    sink    in    the    >uik'n    river, 
ICrc    I    will    1)0    wile    to   the    fierce    Red    CIoik!!" 

"W'iwaste.  "    he    said,    and    his    voice    was    low, 

"Let    it    be    as    you    will,    tor    Wakawa's  tongue 

Mas    spoken    no    prt)niise :     his    lips    are    slow, 

And    the    lt)ve  of    a    father    is    deep    and    strong. 

I>e    hapjiy,    Miciinksee'':    the    llanies    are    j^one, — 

They    llash    no   more    in    tiie    \orthern    >ky. 

See    the   smile    on    the    face    of    the    watching   iiK^on ; 

No  more    will    the    fatal    red    arrows  tly; 

For    the    singing    shafts    of    my    warriors    spetl 

i'o    the    bail    spirit's    liosom    and   laid    him    dead, 

.And  liis    blood   on    the    snow    of    the    .\orth    lies    red. 

(lO, — sleej)    in    the    robe    that    vou    won    tt)-day. 

And   dream    ot     your    hunter — the    brave   Chaske. " 

Light   was   her    heart    a>   she    turnetl    away: 

It    sang    like   the    lark    in    the  skies    of    May. 

The    round    moon    laughed,    but    a   lone    red    star,  *'* 

-As    she    turned    to   tlie    tee|)ee    and    entered    in, 

Fell  flashing  and    swift   in    the    sky   afar. 

Like   the    jiolished    ])oint    of    a   javelin. 

Nor   chief    nor   daughter  the  shadow    saw 

Of    the    crouching  listener — Harpstina. 

Wiwaste.    wrapped   in   her  robe   and    sleep 
Heard  not    the    storm-sprites  wail   and  weep. 
As   they    rode    on    the    winds    in    the  frosty    air; 
But    she   heard    the  voice   of    her   hunter   fair; 
For    a    shadowy    si)irit    with    tairy    fingers 
The   curtains   drew   from  the    land    of   dreams; 


% 


TIfF.    I- EAST  or    77//:    \//<GINS. 


25 


And    In    iti    her    tc'C|tcc    her   lover    hiij^ers; 
I'hc    hght    of    love    in    his    dark    eye    beams. 
And    liis    voice    is   the    music    of    mountain    streams. 

And    then    witli    lier    round,    hrown    arms   she    pressed 

His    |)Iiantom    form    to    lier    throl)l)ing    breast, 

And    whispered    the    name,    in    her    luippy    sleep, 

( )f    her   H6he    hunter    so    fair    and    far. 

And    then    she    saw    in    her    dreams    the    deep 

Where    the    spirit    wailed,    and    a    falling    star; 

Then    stealthily    crouching    under    the    trees, 

r.y    the    light    of    the    moon,    the    Kan  d-ti-dan, " 

Tlie    little,    wi/ened,    mysterious   man. 

With    his   long    locks   tossed    by   the    moaning    bree/.e. 

Then    a    tlap    of    wings,    like    a    thunder-bird,'" 

And    a    wailing    spirit    the    sleeper    heard: 

.And    lo,    through    the   mists    of    the    moon,    she    saw 

The    hateful    visage   of    Plarpstina. 

But    waking    she    murmured — "And    what    are    these 

The    Hap   of    wings    and    the    tailing   star. 

The    wailing    spirit    that  "s    never    at    ease, 

The    little  man    crouching   under   the   trees, 

And    the    hateful   visage    of    Harpstina? 

My    dreams    are    like    feathers    that    float    on    the    breeze, 

And    none    can    tell    what    the   omens    are — 

Save    the    beautit'ul    dream    of    my    lo\e    afar 

In    the    hapi)y    land    of    the    tall    Hdhe''— 

My    beautiful    hunter— my    brave    Chaske. " 

"Ta-tanka!  Ta-tanka:""    the   hunters   cried, 
With    a   joyous   shout   at    the    break    of    dawn; 
And    darkly   lined    on    the   white    hill-side, 


26 


TJIE    FEAST  OF    TJfK    lIRGfNS. 


A    herd    of    bison    went    marching    on 

'rhroiigli    the    chiftcd    snow    hkc    a    caravan. 

Swift    to    their    ponies   the    hunters    >|)e(l, 

And    dashed    away    on    the    hurried    chase. 

The   wild    steeds    scented    the    game    ahead, 

And    si)rang    Hke   hounds   to    the  eager   race. 

lUit    the    l)rawny    1)m1I>    in    the    >warthy   van 

Turned    their    iioh>hed    horns    to    the    charging    foes, 

And    reckless    rider    and    rieet    foot-man 

Were    held    at    bay    in    the   <lrifted    snows. 

While  the  bellowing   herd   o"er    the    hill-tops    ran, 

Like    the    frightenetl    beasts    of    a    caravan 

On    the    Sah'ra's    >ands    when    the    simoon    blows. 

Sharp    were    the    twang.s    of    the    hunters'    bows, 

And  swit't  awA    humming   the    arrows    sped, 

Till    ten    huge    bulls    on   the    bloody    snows 

Lay    pierced    with    arrows    and    dumb    and    dead. 

l)Ut    the    chief    with    the   flankers   had   gained    the    rear, 

And    tlew    on    the    trail    of    the    flving    herd. 

The    shouts    of   the    riders    rang    loud    and    clear. 

As    their    frothing    steed>    to    the    chase    they    spurred. 

And    now    like    the    roar   of    an    avalanche 

Rolls    the    sullen   wrath   of   the    maddened    bulls. 

They   charge  on    the    riilers   and   runners   stanch, 

And    a    dying    steed    in    the    snow-drit't   rolls, 

\N'hile    the   rider,    tlung    to    the    frozen    ground, 

Escapes    the   horns   by   a   panther's   bound. 

l^ut    the    raging    monsters    are    held    at    l)ay, 

\\'hile    the    flankers   dash    on    the   swarthy    rout. 

With    lance   and    arrow    they    slay   and    s^lay; 


THE   J'/:. I  ST  or    THE    VIRCIXS. 

And    the    welkin    rings    to    the    ghidsDnie   shoiit- 


27 


'!"(»    the    h)iKl    Inas    and    the 


\\\\( 


1    Ih 


OS. 


And    dark    and    dead,    on    tlie    bloody    sik 
Lie    the    s\\arth\-    heaps    of    the    Imftaloes. 


)\V: 


All    snug    in    the  teepee   \\'i\\a>te    lay. 

All    wiapped    in    her    robe,   at    tin.'    dawn   of    da\-. — 

All    snuy    and    warm    from    the    wind   and    snow, 

While    th.e    hunters   followed    the    butialo. 

Her   dreams  and    her    slumber    their    wild    shouts    brokt 

The    cha-e   was    afoot    when    the  maid    awoke: 

She    heard    the  twangs   of    the    hunter's   bows. 

And    the    bellowing   bulls    and   the    loud    lh()s. 

And    she    murmured — "My    hunter    is   far    away 

In    the    happy    land    of    the    tall    Hdhe — 

My    beautiful    hunter,    my    brave   Chaske; 

l)Ut    the    robins    will    come    and    my   warrior   too, 

Anil    W'iwaste    will    find    her    a  way    to   woo." 

And    long    she   lay   in    a    reverie. 
And    dreamed,    wiile-awake,    of    her    brave  C'haske, 
'I'ill    a    trampling    of    feet  -on    the    crispy    snow 
She    heard,    and   the    murmur  of    voices    low;  — 
Then    the    hunteis"   greeting-  Ihdl    Ihd: 
And    behold,    in    the    bla/e    of    the    risen    da)-. 
\\"\\\\    the    hunters    that    followed    the    buffalo. — 
Came   her    beautiful    hunter — her    bra\e   C'haske. 
l''ar    south    has    he    followed    the    bison-trail 
^^'ith    his   band    of    warriors   so    brave    and    true. 
Right    glad   is    Wakawa    his    friend    to   hail. 
And    \\'iwaste    will   fintl    her    a    wav    to   woo. 


I 


L'H 


TJIK   FEAST  OF   THE    VIRGIXS. 


'V\\\    and    straight   as    the    larch-tree    sttjod 

The    manly   form  of    the    brave    young   chief, 

And    fair   as    the    larch    in    its   vernal    leaf. 

When    the    red    f;i\vn    bleats    in    the    feathering    wood. 

Mild    was    his    face   as   the    morning    skies. 

And    friendship   shone    in    his   laughing   eyes; 

lint    swift    were    his    feet   o'er    the    (hifted    snow 

On    the    trail    of    the    elk    ox    the    butialo; 

And    his    heart    was    stouter    than  lance    or    bow, 

When   he    heard   the    whoop   of    his   enemies. 

Five    feathers   he   wore  of    the   great   Wanmdee, 

And    each    for   the    scalp    of    a  warrior   slain, 

When    down    on    his    camp    tVom    the    northern    plain, 

\\'ith    their   murder-cries   rode    the   bloody    Cree.  ■■' 

But    never    the    stain    of    an    infant    slain. 

Or    the   blood    of    a   mother   that    plead    in    vain, 

Soiled   the   honored    i)lumes   of    the    l)rave    Hohe'. 

A   mountain    bear    to   his   enemies. 

To    his  friends    like    the    red    fawn's    dai>pled    form ; 

In    peace,    like    the   breeze   from    the  summer   seas; 

In    war,   like   the    roar    of    the    mountain    storm. 

His   fame    in    the    voice  of    the    winds    went   forth 

From   his   hunting   grounds  in    the  hai)in'    north, 

And    far  as    the    shores   of    the    (ireat    Mede"' 

The    nations   spoke    of    the   brave    Chaske. 


r>ark    was    the   visage    of   grim    Red    Cloud, 
Kirrce    were    the    eyes   of    the    warrior   proud, 
'v'heu    the   chief    to    his    lodge   led    the    brave    Chaske, 
Ar.i    Wiwaste    smiled   on    the    tall    Hohe. 


THE   FEAST  OF  TJIF    \JRGL\S. 


•iw 


Away   he    strode    with    a   sullen    frown. 

And    alone    in    his    teepee    he    sat    him    down. 

From    the  gladsome   greeting   of    braves    lie   stole. 

And  wrap])ed    himself    in    his   gloomy    soul. 

But    the    eagle    eyes    of    the    Harpstina 

The   clouded   face   of    the   warrior   saw. 

Softly    she    spoke    to    the   sullen    brave : 

"Mah-pi-ya    Diita, — his   face    is    sad. 

And   why   is   the    warrior   so  glum    and    grave? 

For   the   fair   Wiwaste    is   gay    anil   glad. 

She   will    sit    in    the    teepee    the    live-long   day. 

And   laugh   with    her   lover — the    brave    Hdhe. 

Does   the    tall    Red    Cloud   for    the   false   one    sigh? 

There    are   fairer   maidens    than    she,    and    proud 

Were   their   hearts   to   be   loved    by   the    brave   Red    Cloud. 

And   trust    not    the   chief    with    the   smiling   eyes; 

His   tongue  is  swift,    but    his   words   are    lies; 

And   the    proud    Mali  pi'-ya   will    surely    find 

That    Wahawa's    promise   is   hollow   wind. 

Last    night    I    stood    by   his    lodge,    and    lo 

I    heard    the   voice    of    the    Little    Crow; 

But    the   fox    is    sly   and    his   words   were   low. 

But    I    heard   her   answer   her   father — "Never! 

I    will    stain    your   knife    in    my    heart's    red    blood, 

I    will   plunge    and    sink    in    the    sullen    river, 

Fre    I    will    be    wife    to    the    fierce    Red    Cloud !  " 

Then   he    spake   again,    and   his    voice    was   low, 

But   I    heaid   the    answer  of    Little    Crow: 

"Let  it   be   as   you    will,    for   Wakdwa's   tongue 

Has  si)oken    no    promise, — his    lips  are    slow. 

And   the   love   of    a   father  is   deep   and   strong." 


lit 


f 


3(.) 


HIE    /'KASr  OF    rilE    VIRGIXS. 


Mah-pi-ya    Diita,    they    scorn    your   love, 
But    ihc    false  thief  covets    the   warrior's    ; 
l"'alse    to    his    promise    the    fox   will    prove, 


rift< 


Aiu 


■kl( 


as   sn 


ow    in    Wo-kii-da-wee, 


'i'hat    slips    into   brooks    when    the   i^ray    cloud    lifts. 

Or    the    red  sun    looks    through    the    ragged    ril'ts, 

Afah-pi-ya    Diita    will   listen  to    me. 

There    are    fairer  birds    in    the    bush    than    she. 

And    the    fairest    would   gladly   be    Red    Cloud's    wife. 

Will    the    warrior    sit    like   a  girl    bereft. 

When   fairer    and    truer   than    she   are    left 

'I'hat    love    Red    Cloud    as    they   love   their  lite? 

.Mah-i)i-ya    Diita    will   listen    to  me. 

I  love    him   well, — I    have    loved   him    long: 

.\    woman   is    weak,    but    a   warrior  is    strong. 

And   a   love-lorn    brave    is   a   scorn   to   see. 

Mah-pi-ya    Diita.  ()  listen   to  me! 
Revenge   is  swift    and    revenge    is    strong, 
And    sweet   as    the    hive    in    the  hollow    tree. 
'I'he    proud    Red    Cloiul    will  revenge    his    wrong; 
F.et    the    brave  be    patient,   it    is   not  long 
'I'ill    the    leaves    be    green    on    the    maple    tree, 
And    the    Feast    of   the    \'irgins    is  then    to    be; — 
The   Feast    of  the    Viriiins   is    then    to    be!' 


Proudly   she    t'.n-ned    from    the   silent    l)rave. 


And 


wen 


t   h 


er   wa 


v;   l)ut    the 


warrior  s    eves — 


They    tlashed   with    the    tiame    of   a    sudden   fire. 
Like    the    lights    that    gleam    in    the  Sacred   Cave, 
When    the   black   night    covers    the    autumn    skies 


And    the   stars   from    their   welki 


n    w 


atch 


retu'e. 


THE   FEAST  OE    77/ E    I'/A'G'EVS. 


31 


Three  nights   he    tarried  -the    1 


)ra\e    Chaske 


Win-ed    were    the    hours  ami    they    Ihtted    away: 

On    the    winus   of   Wakdndee "   they   silently    tlew. 

For    Wiwaste  had    found    her   a    way    to    woo. 

Ah  little    he   cared    tor    the    biscjn-chase ; 

For    the    red    lilies   bloomed    on   the    fair    maid's    face; 
Ah    little  he    cared    f(.)r    the    wimls    that    blew. 

For    Wiwaste    had   found    her    a    way    to    woo. 

Hrown-bosomed    she    sat    on    her    fox-robe   dark, 
Her    ear    to    the  tales    of   the    brave    inclined. 

Or   trij.ped    from   the   tee    like    the    song    of   a   lark. 

And    gathered    her    hair   from    the  wanton    wind. 

Ah,    little    he    thought    of   the    leagues    of  snow 

He    trode   on   the   trail    of    the    buftalo; 

And    little    he   recked    of   the    hurricanes 

That  swept    the   snow  from   the  fVo/en   plains 

And   piled    the    banks    of  the    Bloodv    River.*" 

His    bow    unstrung   and    forgotten    hung 

With    his  beaver  hood    and   his    otter    quiver: 

He    sat    spell-bound    by    the    artless    grace 

Of  her    stardit    eyes  and   her    moon  lit   face. 

Ah  little   he    cared  tor   the    storms    that    blew. 

For  Wiwaste    had    t'ound    her  a    way    to    woo. 

When   he    spoke    with    W'akawa  her  sidelong   eye 

Sought    the    handsome    chief   in    his    hunter-'mise. 

Wakdwa    marked,   and  the  lilies  tair 

On  her  round  cheeks  spread   to  her  raven  hair. 

They  feasted  on  rib  of  the  bison    fat, 

On    the  tongue  of  the  Ta"    that  the    hunters  prize, 

On  the  .savory  tiesh  of  the  red    Hogan, '- 

On  sweet  tii)sanna*'   and  pemmican. 


■)li 


ir^ 


32  11  IE    FEAST  OF    TUF    l/A'd/XS. 

And    tho    (liin-brown    takes   of  the    goWcn    mai/c ; 
•And    hour    after    honr    the  yoinig    tliief   sat. 
And    teasteil    liis    soul    on    the    maiden's    eyes. 

'Ihe    sweeter  the  nionients    the  swifter   the\-    fly: 
I-ove    takes    no    accomit    of   the    tleeting    hours; 
lie  walks  in    a  dream  mid  the  blooming  of  llowers. 
And  never   awakes    till    the  blossoms    die. 
.\h.    lovers   are    lovers    the    wide    world    over — 
In    the  hunter's    lodge    and    the   royal    palace. 
Sweet  are    the  lips  of  his  love  to  the  lover, — 
Sweet    as  new  wine  in    a    golden  chalice, 
From    the    Tajo's'*     slopes   or    the  hills  beyond: 
And    blindly    he    sips  from   his   loved    one's    lips. 
In  lodge  or  palace   the    wide  world  over, 
The    maddening  honey   of  Trebi/ond.*' 

( )    what  are    leagues    to    the    loving    hunter, 

Or  the   blinding   tlrift    of  the    hurricane, 

When    it    raves   and    roars   o'er   the    fro/en    plain! 

He  would  face  the  storm. — he  would  death    encounter 

The   darling    prize   of  his  heart  to  gain. 

Kut  his  hunters  chafed  at  the  long  delay, 

For  the  swarthy  bison  were  fiir  away. 

And  the  brave  young  chief  from  the  lodge  departetl. 

He  promised  to  come  with  the  robin  in  Afay, 

With  the  bridal  gifts  for  the  bridal  day; 

And  the  fair  Wiwaste  was  happy-hearted, 

For  Wakawa  promised  the  brave  Chaske. 

Birds  of  a  feather  will  flock  together. 
The   robin    sings  to    his  ruddy  mate, 


Tin:  /■/■:. IS/'  oi-  ////■:  iv/az/xx 


3.J 


And    ilic  chattering;  i;iv 


in  th 


0   winter  wcatliL-r, 


To  prate  and  gKssip  will  « ongregate; 

And  the  cawing  « r(»\v>  on    the  autmnn  heather, 

Like  evil   ()nK-n>.   will    llix  k    tn^'etlier. 

In  extra-session,   for  high  del)ate; 

And  the    lass  will  slip  tVoni  a  doting  mother 

To  hang  with    her  lad    on    tlie    garden  gate. 

I5ir(l>  of  a  feather  will   ijoi  k   together. 

'Tis  an  adage  old.— it  is  nature's  hnv. 
And  Mire  a>  the  pole  will   the  needle  draw, 
The  lien  e   Red  ("loud   with  the  tluniting  feather, 
Will  toijow  the  Hnger  of    Harjistina. 

'l"he    winter  wanes  and    the    south-wind    blows 

From  tile    .Smnmer    Islands    legendary. 

The  skeskas*'     lly   and    the    nu-Ited   snows 

In   lakelets   lie    on    the    dimpled    i)rairie. 

The  frost-llower^'-     pee|)    from    their  winter   sleep 

I'nder    the    snow-drifts    cold    and    deep. 

To  the  April    sun    and    the    April    showers. 
In    field    and    forest,   the    bahy    tiowers 
Lift    their    golden    faces  and    a/iire    eves: 
And   wel    with    the    tears    of   the    winter-fairies, 
Soon   bloom   and    blossom    the    emerald    jirairies, 
Like    the    tabled    (ianlen    of   Paradise. 

The    plum-trees,    white    with  their    bloom    in    May, 
Their  sweet    pert'ume    on    the  vernal  bree/e 
Wide  strew    like    the    isles    of   the  tropic   seas, 
Where    the   parotiuet    chatters  the  livelon-^   duv 
But    the    .May-days  pass  and    the  brave  Chaske— 


•T  ' 


34  rilK   FEAST  OP   THE   J/RG/XS. 

()    why   (Iocs    the    h)vcr    so    long    delay? 
Wiwastc    waits    in  the    lonely    tee. 
Has   her   fair    face    lied   from    his   memory? 
Kor  the    ii)l>in   chenips  his    mate    to   jtlease, 
The    blue-bird    pipes    in    the   poplar-trees, 
The   meadow-lark    warbles    his    iiibilecs, 
Shrilling    his    song    in    the    a/iu'e    seas. 
Till   the    welkin   throbs    to    his    melodies; 
And    lo^v    is    the   iiimi   of  the    humble-bees. 
And    the    i-'east    of   the    Virgins    is    now    to   be. 


THK     FKAST    OF     VWV:    \  IRCUNS. 

The   sun   sails    high    in   his    a/ure    realms; 

lieneath    the   arch    of    the   breo/y    elms 

The    feast    is    spread    by   the    murmuring  river. 

With    his   battle-spear    and    his    bow    and    ([uiver, 

.And    eagle-plumes   in   his  ebon    hair, 

The  chief    Wakawa   himself    is    there ; 

And    round    the    feast,    in    the   Sacred    Ring," 

Sit    his    weaponed   warriors    witnessing. 

Not   a    morsel    of    food    have    the    Virgins    tasted 

For    three   long    days    ere  tlie    holy    feast; 

They    sat    in   their  teepee  alone    and  fasted. 

Their   faces    turned  to    the   Sacred   East."' 

In    the    polished  bowls   lies    the   golden    mai/e. 

And    the   flesh    of    f;iwn    on    the   polished   trays. 

For   the    Virgins   the    bloom    of    the    prairies  wide- 

The   blushing   pink    and    the   meek  blue-bell, 


////'.    /'EASI    OF    ////:     l/A'(,/.\\ 


35 


'I'hc    |)iir|ik'    plumes   of    tlie    prairie's 
'I'lu'    wild.    iiiK  iiliiuL-d    .iNphoclc'l. 


pridi 


Aiul    the   i)caiititnl.    M 


iic-cved    violet 


That    the    \iri,'in>  (all    "  F.et  me-not-for^'et. 


II    gay   festoons    ami    garlands  twi 


ne 


With    th 


e    cedar 


>prigs 


and 


th 


e    will  I  wood 


vine, 


So    -aily    the    Virgins    are    decked    and    dre^ed. 
And    none   i)iit    a    virgin    mav   enter    there: 


And    clad 


is  eai  h    in    a    scarlet    ve>t. 


And    a    fawn-skin    tVock    to    the   1 


>rowii    calves    hare. 


W 


lid    rose-buds    peep    from    their    tl 


owing    hair. 


own    on    the    budding    breast 


And    a    ro>e    half-bl 


And    bright    with    the    (piilU    of   th 


Tl 


e    pore  upme 


le    nioccasuied    feet    of    the 


niaulen> 


nine, 


Hand    in    hand    round    the    fea>t    thev   da 


And 


>ing    to    the    notes    of    a    rude    I 


nee. 


las^oon. 


And    never    a    pause   or    a    di 


ssonance 


In    the 


merry    tlance   or    the    inerrv    t 


une. 


lirown-bosomed    and    f 


A\h 


en 


iir  as    the    rising    moon. 
1^ 


\\ 


sue    peeps    o  er    the    hills    ot     the    dewy    east 


iwaste    smgs    at   the    \'ir<; 


111^ 


•east 


And    bright    is    the    liglit    in    he 


They   glow    like    the    st, 


r    luminous    eyes: 


irs    in    the    winter    >ki 


es 


And    the    lilies    that   bl 


oom    in    her    \iri:in    heart 


Their    golden    blush    to    her    cheek 
Her    cheeks   half-hid    in    her 
Fair    is   her   form — as    the    rt 
And    long    is   the    tlow    of    h 


s    imi)art — ■ 


midniirht    hair. 


awn 


er    raven 


air. 


hair 


It   falls  to  ht 


r    k 


nee> 


and    it    stre 


Like    the   path  of    a 


ims  on  the    bree/e 


storm    on    the    swelliui 


seas. 


•ar  f 


NA/liONAL  M( 


i-/  V, 


Tn.f 


V 


M(i 


/•///    ri  AST  or  rnr    iincixs. 


I'i"iiil  tit  lluii  iii(->  ;iif  llic  \iiL;iii>  t.iii 
loi  iiiiiu'  Imt  .1  villain  iua\-  I'lilci  llicic. 
'  I  i>  .1  <n>liiiii  111  iilil  111(1  ;i  s;i(  red  lliim 
Noi  I. ink  iii'i  licnilv  llir  Uiuiims  s| 
ll  .1  l.iini-ln<l  iii.iiilcii  -^huiilil  ciitci  I 
And    lici    tli.il     tiiti'i'>    tlir    S,i(  n'<|     KinL- 


Kirr 


U'lC 


W  111 


1    .1     liMil     ih.il     i-    kiidwii    1)1     ,1    SCI  Hi     slain 


«'    vx.iiihii    Willi    knows    Is    liiMiiiil    III    t"\|ii)sc 


.\n 


•  ll!     iiii    liiilh    liiiin    the    111111    ai'ain. 


iiiil    llir     Willi 


1    111      ll 


ic    wiiiiiii     is    sancil    |)\-    law 


I'll!     till-     \  iiuiiis     |-cast     is    a    sailed     lliiii 
,\--iili'    with    ill.'    iniillicis     .al     I  l,ii  psl  ina  : 
Slu'    dnist    iinl    cnUT    llir    NiiLiins'    liiiL!. 


Kminii    and    Nuind    1 


II      111''      IIU'IIV     soIlM 


I  111'    maidrns    dame    111    llu-ii     i;a\     alliio, 
^\  liili'    llu-    liMid    "lliillii\"    <.^i    \\\v    taw'ii)     tliion 
'I'lu'ii     iKinu    Ircl    and    tli 


v\\    soul;   insjiiie. 


riu\     !ia\r    linish.'d    ihr    muil:    and    lli 


(•    sarii'd    il.iiH  (.', 


■  \\\^\    in    hand    lo    iIk'    least    ad\:m 


Ct' 


And 

I'll    iIk'    pnlislu'd    linwls    dt"    llir    mildcn    inai/c. 
And    ilu'    swcrt    lawn  meat    in    tlu-    polislicd    liavs 

'I'Ik'ii    ii|i    tVinn    his    sial    in    the    silent    c  lowd 
Kiisr    ihe    iVdwninn.    rn'iic-cvc'd.    tall     Red    C'lniid 


Switi    wa-.    Ills    stride    as    th 


e    iiantlu"'s    s|iiiiu 


\\ 


len    lu-    le 


aps    nil    the    lawn    tVon 


1    hi 


s    caNeni    Uiir 


Wiw.iste    he    i  aiiLihl    by    her    tlowiiiL;    hair, 
And    ilraj^-^ed    her    t'lMili    tVoin    the    Sacred     Kinu. 
Siie    luineil    nn    the    warrior.        Her   e\es    llashed    lin 
Mer    |iriind   lips    inii\ered    with    i|iieenl\-    ire; 


///A     /■/'.AST   ()/■     ////-     I  //,•(, /.\S. 


■  u 


'''■'     Ii.iimI     Id     \\\r    s|iiriis    slic     i;ii,r(l    .ind     ,.ii,|, 

■\ii'l     Ik'I     ■^iiii  hiowiinl     (licfls^     U(  ic     .ill.iiNi'     will:     n  «| 

"I     •nil     I ■'       I     .1111    |Hiic    ,1^     llic    liilliii^     Miow  : 

<  iKMl     '\.\k\\  sk.in    .k;i!i    '     will     tr.hly : 

Ami    (l.iics    llic    l.ill    (dwiid     t(»    >,iv    iiir    no;-'" 

lint     tlic     .iillcii    w.inioi     ni.tilr    iki    ir|ii\. 

Siir    hiiiicl    Id    ihc    (  liH-l     Willi     iin     ti.iiiiK     <  lir^ : 

"W.ik.iw.i,       my     I'.iiIhi;      lie     lic^.       In-    lie.,; 

\>  iw;iNl('    i-,    |iiirc    as    llic    l.iwn    iiiii.diii; 

l.<';i<l     llic     l)ii(  k     Id     (lie     lea, I,     di     \\!u,i,|'-    <lic-,:'' 

lliil     llic    waiiidi  .    iillcrcd    a    <  ly    d|      .1  din. 

And     lie    liiiiicd     hir,    jac  c    lidin     Imi     |. leading     cyc^. 

I'Ik'H    iIh-    -'iillcn     waiiidi,    llic    tall    Rri\     (  loiid. 
I.i*iikcd     ii|i    and     -,|H)kc    and    lii->    \difc    ua-,   loud: 
'•III     Ik'     Iifid     lii>     wralli     and     lie     .|idke     uid)    care: 
"Wiwasic     i-,     ydiiii^;      ^lic     i,     |,idiid    and     laii. 
Ilnl     -,lic    iiia\'    not     l)da-,|    <,(     ihc    ur;^nii     -iidU's. 
riic    \  iiL,diis'     I'ca-^t     i^    a    ^a-ied     tliiiiL' : 
Hdw    diii^t     >lie     Ciller     the     \■ilL;ill■^'     lini;?' 
'I'lic    wanior    wdiiM    lain,     lail     li.;    dare-     iidl     -pare: 
She    is    larnidic.l    and    only    tlic     Red    Cloud    ki,d\v>.'' 


1     Her    (  IciK  lii-(|    han 


.,!  • 


Slic    (  liit(  lied     her    liair    ii 

She    >ldd(l    like    a     slalne    lirdii/ed    .ind    i^raiid  : 

Wakan-dee    '    lla-<lied    in    her    rna\     e\-e~: 

'I'heii    ^wifi     a^    liie   nietcdi     (leave,    the    -kie,. 

Xay.    swill    as    the    lier)-     Wakin^an',    dart.." 
Six-    siial(  lied     llic    knife    Irdiii     the    wariidr-    hell. 
And    |)liiii-ed     it    (lean    Id    the    pdlidied    liiit  — 
With   a    deadlv    (  r)'      in     the    villain'-    heart. 
Staggering    he    (  hiK  hed    the   air   and    tell: 


38  THE   FEAST  OF   THE    ITRGIXS. 

His    life-blood  smoked    on   the    trampled    sand, 

And    dripped    from    the   knife    in    the    virgin's    hand. 

Then    rose  his    kinsmeri's    >avaue    veil. 

Swift    as    the   doe's   Wiwaste's  feet 

Fled    away   to    the   forest.       The    hunters    fleet 

In    vain    pursue,    and    in    vain    thev    prowl. 

And    lurk   in    the    forest    till    dawn    of  day. 

They   hear  the    hoot   of    the   mottled   owl: 

They    hear    the    were-wolf 's  -    winding   howl: 

lUit    the    swift    Wiwaste    is   tar    awav. 

They    tbimd    no   trace   in    the    forest    land. 

They  foiuid    no    trail    in    the    dew-damp  grass, 

They    fouml    no    track    in    the    river    sand. 

Where    they    thought    Wiwaste    would    surely    ])ass. 

The    braves    returned    to    the  troubled   chief: 

In   his    loilge    he    sat    in   his  silent    grief. 

"Surely."'  they    said,    "-he    has    turned    a  spirit. 

No    trail    she    left    with    her    trying   feet: 

Xo    ])athway    leads    to    her    tar   retreat. 

She   tiew    in   the   air.    and  her  wail— we    could   hear    it, 

As   she   upward   rose   to    the  shining    stars: 

And    we   heard    on    the    river,    as    we   stood    near    it, 

'J"he    falling  drops    of    \Viwastc>    tears." 

^^■akawa   thought   of   his  daughter's    words 
Kre    the    south-wind   came  and    the   piping    birds — 
"Aly    Father,   listen. — my    words    are    true.'' 
And    sad   was   her    voice    as    the    whii)powil 
When    >he    mourns   her   mate   by    the  moon-lit    rill, 
"Wiwaste    linger>    alone    with    von: 


THE   FEAST  OF   THE    VIRGINS. 


39 


The   rest    are   sleeping    on    yonder    hil 
Save    one — anil    he   an    undutiful 


son. 


one 


And   you.    my    P'ather,    will    sit   al 
When    Sisoka"'   sings   and   the   snow  is   gone."' 
His    broad    breast    heaved    on    his   troubled    soul, 
The    shadow    of    grief    o'er    his    visage    stole 
Like    a    cloud    on    the  face    of    the    settin<r   sun. 

"She    has    followed    the    years    that    are   gone,''    he    said; 

"The    spirits    the    words    of    the  witch    fulfill; 

P'or    I    saw    the    ghost    of    my    father   dead, 

Ky    the   moon's    dim    light    on    the    misty    hill. 

He   shook    the    plumes    on    his    withered    head. 

And    the    wind    through    his   pale    form    whistled    shrill. 

And    a    low.    sad    voice    on    the    hill    I    heard. 

Like    the   moiu-ntul    wail    of    a    wulowed    bird. " 

Then    lo.    as   he    looked    from    his   lodge  afar, 

He   saw  the   glow    of    the    Evening-star: 

"And    yonder."    he   said,    "is    Wiwaste's    face; 

She   looks    from    her    lodge    on    our    fading    race. 

Devoured    by    famine,    and    fraud,    and    war. 

And    chased    and   hounded    from    woe    to    woe. 

As    the    white    wolves   t"ollow   the   bufialo. " 

And    he   nameil    the    planet    the    I'irgin    Star.'"' 

"Wakawa. "    he   muttered,    "the    guilt    is    thine! 

She    was   pure.  — >hc    was    jture    as    the    fawn    unljorn. 

()    why    did    !    hark    to    the    cry    of    scorn, 

Or   the    words    of    the    lvini.r   libertine? 

Wakawa.    Wakawa,    the   guilt    is   thine! 

The    springs    will    return    with    the    \oice    of    birds. 

lUit    the    voice    of    my    daughter    will    come    nc;    more. 


^1r 


40 


T//£   FEAST  OF  THE    IJRGIXS. 


She    wakciK'd    the    woods    with    lu-r    nlu^i(•al    wt)i(1s, 

And    the   skylark,    ashamed    ol"    his    voice,    forbore. 

She    called   baek    the    years    that    had    passed    and    Vnv 

I    heard    their    voice   in    her    happy    song. 

Her    heart    was    the    home   of    the    sunbeam.      J^right 

Poined    the   stream    of    her    song   on    the    starry   night. 

O    why    did    the    chief    of    the    tall    Hdhe 

His    feet    from    Kapo/a      so   long    delav? 

F\)r   his    father   sat    at    my    father's    feast, 

And    he    at    W'akawa's — an    honored    guest. 

He    is    dead:— he    is    >lain    on    the    Bloody   Plain, 

H}-    the   hand   of    the    treacherou>    C'hip|ieway; 

And    the   fare   shall    I   never    behijld    again 

Of    my    brave    young  brother— the   chief    C'haske. 

Death  walks    like   a    >liadow  amonu    mv    kin- 

And   swift  are  the  feet  of  the  thing  years 

TIkU    cover    Wakawa    with    frost    and   tears, 

And   leave  their  tracks  on  his  wrinkled   skin. 

Wakawa.   the  \()ice  of  the  vears    that  are    i:one 

Will   follow  thy  leet  like  the  >hadow  of  death. 

Till    the  paths  of  the  forest  and    desert    lone 

Shall  forget  thy   footsteps.     ()    living  breath, 

\\'hence    art    thou,    and   whither    so  soon   to  Hy? 

And   whence   are    the    years?     .'^hall    1   overtake 

Their   Hying  feet  in  the  star-lit  skv? 

From    his  last    long    sleep  will  the  warrior    wake? 

AVill    the  morning    break    in  Wxkawa's    tt)mb. 

As  it  breaks    and   glows    in   the    eastern    skies? 

Is    it  true?— will    the    si)irits   of   kinsmen   come 

And   bitl  the  bones  of  the  brave   arise? 


TJfR    FEAST  or    77/ /■     17A'(;/XS. 


II 


'W'akawa.    \Vak;i\va,    tor   t 


K'c    ihe    \L'ar: 


A I 


c  red    w 


ith 


hlood    and    hitter    \vi 


th    t 


car: 


and 


one — but   one 


(ione. — brothers,    and   daughters. 

That   are    kin  to    W'akawa. — but 

\\'akinyan    Tanka — unihitiful  son! 

And   lie    estranged   from    his   fatiier's    tee. 

Will    never  return    till  the  chief  shall    die. 

.\nd  what    cares  he  tor  his  father's    urief? 

He    will    smile  at    m\-    death. 


wite.—  al 


ione 


it    will    make   him    chiet". 


\\ 


oe 


bu 


rns    m    mv   bosom. 


W 


arnors. 


-n. 


Raise   the    song   of  red    war:  t 


or   _\()ur    chief   must    go 
To    drown    his    giief  in   the    blood    of  the  foe! 
I    shall   fall.      Raise  my    mound    on    tjie    sacred    hill. 
Let    my   warriors    the    wish    of   their    chief  fullill  ; 
I'or    my    lathers    sleej)    in    the   sacred  ground. 
The    Autumn    blasts  o'er    W'akawa's    nu)und 
Shall   chase    the    hair    of  the    thistle's   head, 
-And    the    bare-armed   oak   o'er    the   silent    dead. 
^^'hen   the    whirling   snows   tVom    the    north    descenti, 
Shall   wail    and    moan    in   the   midnight    wind. 
In   the   famine   of   winter    the    wolf   >hall    prowl. 
And    scratch    the    snow   tVom   the   heap    of   stones. 
.And    sit    in    the  gathering   >torm   and    howl. 
On    the   fr,)/en    mound,   tor    VVakawa's    bones. 
Hut    the    years    that    aie    gone    shall    return    again. 
As    the    robin    return^   anil    the    whi[ipo\\il. 
When    ni)-    warriors   stand    on    thj    >acrcd   hill 
And   remember    the   deeds   of   their    bra\e  chief    >lain. " 


Beneath    the    glow    of   the    \irgin    Star 

They    raiseil    the    song    of   the    red    war -dance. 


lU 


/y/A    FKASr   OF    TJIli    lIRiHXS. 


At    tlic    break    of   dawn    with    the    how    and    lance 
'I'liey    tohowed    the    cliief   on    the    |>ath    of   war. 
To    the    north — to    the    torests    ot"   fir    and    pine— 
F.ed    their    stealth)-    steps    on    the    winihni;    trail, 
Till    they     -aw    the    Lake    of   the    Spirit   "    shi 
Throiigli    somber    i)ines    of   the    dusky    dale. 


ne 


Then    they    heard    the    hoot    of   the    mottled  owl 
They    heard    the    gray    wolt"'s    dismal    howl ; 
Then    shrill    an  1    sudden    the    war-whoop    rose 

■iwarthy    foe.- 


roni 


.  I'.U 


uh'.'d    throats    of   their 


In    ambush    ■  r(u:.  !.od    in    the    tangled    wood. 

Death    shrieked    in    the    (wang    of   their    deadly    bows, 


\W(\ 


ny^w    I 


^111 


■rrov^  :■    drank    brave    men's    bkxjd. 


l"'rom    rock,    and    thickcl,    ain;    brush,    and    brakes 


( 


. learned    tlie 


urning    eves    of   the    forest  -  snakes 


l-'rom    brake,    and    thicket,    anil    brush,    and    stone, 
The    bow-string    hummed    and    the    arrow    iiissed. 
And    the    lance    of   a    croucliing    Ojibway    shone. 
Or    the    scalp -knife    gleamed    in    a    swarth\-    fist. 
I'ntlaunted    the    braves    of   Wakawa's    l)and 
Leaped    into    the    thicket    with    lance    and    knife. 
.\nd    grajipled    the    Chippewas    hainl    to    hand; 
And    foe    with    f'oe,    in    the    deadlv    strife, 
l.a\-    clutching    the    scalp    of   his    foe    and    dead. 
With    a    ttMiiahawk    sunk    in    his    ghastly    heail. 
Or    his    still    heart    sheathing    a    bloody    blade. 
I-ike    a    bear    in    the    battle    AN'akawa    raves. 
And    cheers    the    hearts  _  of    his    tailing    braves. 
Hut    a    jianther    crouches    along    his    track. — 


W 


e    springs   wi 


th    a    veil    on    Wakawa's    back  I 


Till'.    FEAST  OF    T//F    I7A'(;/.VS. 


13 


The    tall    Cliicf.    sCihhcd    to   the    hear;,    lies    low 
Hilt    his    left    hand    (  liit(  hcs    hi-^    doadlv    toe. 


es    tile    l)lood\-    hil 


And  his    red    ri<;ht    (  lench 

Ol'    his    knife    in    the    heait    of    the    >layer    dyed 


And    thus    was    the    life    of   Wakawa 


pilt. 


And    slain    and    ^.layer    lay    side    hy    >i(le. 
The    unscalped    torpse    of   their    honored    chief 
His    warriors    snatched    from    the    veiling    park, 
And    iKjnieward    tied    on    their    forest    track 
With    their    bloodv     burden    and    load    of    grief. 

The    spirits    the    word>    of    the    hraxe    lulfill, — 
Wakawa    sleejis  on    the    sacred    hill. 
And    \\'akinyan    'I'anka,    his    scjn,    is    thiet". 
.\h.    soon    shall    the    li|)s    of   men    torget 
\\'akawa"s    name,    and     the    mound    of   stone 
'\\'ill    speak    of   the    dead    to    the    winds    alone. 
And    the    winds    will    whi>tle    their    mock  -  regret. 

The     si)eckled    cones    of    the    >carlet    berries'" 
Lie    red    and    ripe    in    the    |)rairie    grass. 
The    Si  -  yo  "    clucks    on    the    emerald    i)raiiie> 
To    her    infant    biood.        l"'rom    the    wild    mora^^. 
On    the    sapphire    lakelet    set    within    it. 
Magd'"'    sails    forth    with    her    wee    ones   dailv. 
They    ride    on    the    dimpling    waters    gailw 
Like    a    fleet    of    \a<  hts    and    a    man  ofw.n. 
The    pijiing    plover,    the    laughing    linnet, 
And    the    swallow    >ail    in    the    sunset    >kie>. 
The    whijjpowil    tVoiu    her    (o\er    hies. 
And    trills    her    sonu    on    the    amber    air. 


ill 


14  7//A    IK  AST  or    Till'.    \IR(;i.\S. 

Anon    Id    her    loiU'iin^     in;itc    she    (  rii-^ 
"I'lip.    <►    Will:     tii).,    ()    Will!     >l<i|).    ()    Will!" 
Aiiii    lnT    iiuiiv    mall-    I'lom    afar    ifpiics: 
"  i'lip  I  will.      >l<ii>  I  will,      trip    I    will  ;" 
And    aw,i\'    on    the    wiiij^s  of    tht'    wind    hr    Mies. 
And    l)iii;ht    tVom    luT    lodm'    in    the    >kies    alar 
iVrps    the    nlowinn    face    of    the    Xii^in    Star. 
The    to\   pMp>"'    creep    iVoin    the    niotlu'r's    lair. 
And    leaji    in    the    lij;lil    of    the    ri-.injj,    moon; 
And    loud    on    the    linninons,    moonlit    lake 
Shrill    the    bugle  -  notes    of    the    lo\er    loon; 
And    woods    :ind    waters    and    wtdkin    l)re;d'; 
Into   jul)ilant     song,     it    is    joyfid    June. 

r.ut    where    is    W'iwaste?     ()   where    is    she — 

The    Virgin    a\enged      the    (|ueenly    nueen  — 

The    womanly    woman-    the    heroine? 

Has    she    gone    to    the    spirits,    and    can    it    be 

That    her    beaiilitul    lace    is    the    N'irgin    Star 

Peei'ing    ont    tVom    the    door    of   her   lodge    alar, 

( )r    ujiward    s;uling    the    silver     sea. 

Star -beaeoned    and.    lit    like    an    a\enne, 

In    the    >hining    stern    oi"  her    gold    canoe? 

\o    tidings    came.    -nt)r    the    bra\e    Chaske : 

()    why    did    the    lover    so    long    dehu? 

lie    promised    to    come   with   the   robins    in    Mav. 

With    the    bridal    gifts    t'or    the  bridal    day; 

lliit    the    tair    May  -  mo.nings    have    slipi)ed    awav, 

And    where    is    the    lo\er — the    brave    ("haske? 

l>ut    what    of    the    \enomous    Harpstina  — 

I'iie    seri)ent    thai    tempteil    the    proud    Red    Cloud, 


TifF.  I'i'.Asr  ()/'■  riH'.   r/h'c/xs. 


,\ii(l    kiiitlUd    n'\rnL,'c    in    liis    iav;i^c    -10(11? 
Ilu    paid    for    iii>    (liuu'    willi    lii>    laUt;    health    blo(j(l, 
Hut    liis    aiij^ry    ^\>\\\\    lia>    l)roiii,'lit    Ikt    dok';'' 
It    lias    cntL'it'd    Ikt    IuxmsI    and    Ikt    l)iirning    Ik.'uI, 
And    >1k'    ia\fs    and    hnrn^    on    lici     lev  rn-d    hcd. 
"He    is    dcaill     He    i>    drad!"    i^   her    \v  lilinLj    •  ly. 
"And    tin,'    lilanic    is    mine,     it    \\a->    I.  ~  it    wa-.    I! 
I    hated    \\'i\\a>te.    for    she    was    lair. 
And    my    l)ra\e    wis    <  aiiL,'ht    in    her    net    of    hair. 
I    turned    liis    lose    to   a    l)itter    iiale: 
I    noiirihlied    reveni,^-.    and     I    prit  ked    his    pride: 
'I  lU    the    l-'east    of    tlie    N'irj^ins    1    l)ade    h.im    wait. 
He    had    his    revenue,    but     he    died,      he    (hed' 
Arid    tile    blame    is    mine,    -it    was    1.    -it    was    I  '. 
And    his    >pirit    burns    me;     1    die.  -  I    die!" 
Thus,    alone    in    her    hjdi^e    and    her    a:onies. 
She    wails    to    the    winds    of    the    iiiLrht.    and    dies. 


i; 


lUit    where    is    Wiwaste?       Her    switt    feet    tlew 

'i"o    the    somber    shades    of     the    tangled    thii  ket. 

She    hid    in    the    (()i)se    like    a    war\-    cricket. 

And    the    fleetest    hunters    in    \ain    pursue. 

Seeing    unseen    from    her    hiding    jjlace. 

She    sees    them    ll\     on    the    hurried    (  luise : 

She    sees    their    fierce    e\es    glance    aiul    ilart. 

As    they    pass    and    peei'    for    a    track    or    trace. 

And    she    trembles    with    fear    in    the    copse    apart. 

J. est    her    nest    be    betrayed    by    her    throbbing    heart. 


Weary    the    liours;    but    the    sun    at    last 

Went    down    to    his    lotlge    in    the    we--t.    and    last 


4G 


THE  I'i'.Asr  01'  run  iircixs. 


The    \vinj:;.s    of    the    spirits    ot'    ni^iit    were    >|>re;ul 
O'er    the    (hirkliiiLj    woods    ;iiul    W'iwaste's    head. 
Tlien    slyly    she    slipped    tr(>ii^    her    sniii;    retreat, 
Anil 
'l"hat 


Huuhng    lier    i:ourse    i)y 


\\ 


i/i\as    s 


tar."- 


slione 


tl 


irou'^h    the    shadowv    tonus    alar. 


She    northward    hurried    with    silent    teet ; 
And    loiii;-    ere    the    sky    was    aflame    in    the    east. 
She    was    leaj;iies    tVoni    the    jilace    ol'    the    t'atal    t"ea>t. 
"Twas    the    hoot    ot"    the    owl    that    the   hunters    heaid. 
And    the    scattering    drops    of    the    ihreal'ning    >liower. 
And    the    far    wolf's    crv    to    the    moon    preferred. 


Their 


ears    were 


their 


aneies. 


th 


e    scene    was    weml 


.And  the  witches'"  dance  at  the  midnight  hour. 
She  leaped  the  brook  and  she  swam  the  ri\er: 
Her    com'se    lhrv;uLih    the    I'orest    Wiwaste    wist 


THE  iiiAsr  or  r///-:  n/u./xs. 

\\\    the    star    that    t,'lcam(.-(l    thioiigli    tlu-    i;linnii  ciin-    iiu>l 

'I'lial    fell    froiii    till-    dim    m<Min\    downy    c|iii\<.'r. 

in    licT    Iir.irt    slu-    ^pokc    U)    her    sjiirit    inothcr: 

"Look    down    tVoni    your    tcc|n.'c.    ()    >tarr\     ^piiil. 

The   (  ry    of    \\'iu.i>ti'.    ()    niothiT,    hear    it: 

And    toiK  li    the    hcait    of    n)y    <  rnel    latlicr. 

Ill'    hearkened    not    to    .i    viryin'^    words; 

lie    h>tened    not    to    a    daii^;lUer'>    wail. 

<)    i^ixe    me    the    ninths    of    the    tiiimder  -  birds, 

lor    Ills    were  \volve>  •    t'ollow    Wiwaste's    trail; 

•  )    guide    my    flight    to    the    far    Huhe— 

'I"o    the    sheltering    hjdgc    of    my    hra\  e    (.!ha.->ke. " 

'I'he    shadows    paled    in    the    ha/v    ea>t. 
And    the    liuht    of    the    kindling    morn    in<  reased. 
The    pale-faced    >tars    lied    one    by   one. 
And    hid    in    the    \  ast    trom    the    lising    sun. 
From    woods    and    water>    and    welkin    soon 
Fled    the    hovering    mi-ts    of    the    vanished    moon. 
The    young    robins    chirped  'in    their    f"eather\     beds, 
The    loon's    song    shrilled    hke    a    winding    horn, 
.\nd    the    s/reen    hills    lifted    their    i\c\\\    heads 


17 


o    greet    the 


ot     the    ri-^nig    morn. 


.">he    reached    the    rim    of    the    rolling    prairie — 

The    boundle-s    ocean    of    >olitU(le; 

She    hid    in    the    feathery    h:i/el\vood. 

For    her    heart    wa>    ^ick    and    her    t'eet    were    weary: 

She    fain    would    re>t.    and    >he    needed    food. 

Alone    by    the    billow  \'.    boundle>-    prairies. 

She    plucked    the    cones    of    the    scarlet    berries; 

In    feathering    copse    and    the    gra>sy    field 


sBo^sm 


\H  11  Hi  I'liAsr  Oh   I  III-:  1 1 h' CI.  vs. 

Slu-   round    tliL'    bulbs   of    llu-    yoiin^r     ri|isiiniia," 
And    tlic    sweet    medi')"'    dial    the    iiU'adows    yield. 
With    tile    precious    gill    ot"    his    priceless    iiiaiiu  i 
(iod    ii:i\    iiis    fainting    and    famished    child. 

At    night    again    to    the    northward    far 

She    followed    the    toK  h    of    W'a/iya's    star. 

For    leagues    away    o'er    the    prairies    gri'en. 

On    the    billows'    vast.    ma\'    a    man    be    seen. 

When    the    sun    is    high    and    the   stars    are    low; 

And    the    sable    breast    of    the    strutting    crow 

Looms    u|i    lii<e   the    torm   of    the    bult'alo. 

'i'he    nioody    Kiver"    she    rea(  hed    at    last, 

And    boldl\-    walked    in    the    light    of    day, 

( )n    the    level    jilain    of    the    \alle)-    \-ast : 

N(jr    thought    of    the    terrible    ( "hi|ii)eway. 

She    was    sate    Uom    the    woKe.s    of    her    father's    band, 

l)Ut    she    trode    on    the    treacherous    "iJlooilv    Land." 

And    lo — from   afar    o'er    the    le\el    plain — 

As    far    as    the    sails    of   a    ship    at    sea 

May    be    seen    as    thev    lit't    tVoni    the    rolling    main  — 

A    band    of   warriors    rode    rajjidly. 

She  shadoweil    her   eyes    with    her    sun  -  browned    hand; 

All     backward    streamed    on    the    wind    her    hair, 

And    terror    sjiread    o'er    her    visage    lair, 

As    she    bent    her   brow    to    the    far-off  band. 

l"\)r    she    thought    of   the    terrible    Chippeway — 

The    fiends    that    the    babe    and    the    mother  slay; 

And    yonder    they    came    in    their   war- array  I 

She    hid    like    a   grouse    in   the    meadow-grass, 

And    moaned — "I    am    lost!  —  1    am    lost  I  alas; 


I 


7///'.  ii.Asr  ()/■■  /•///.;  r/A'(;/.vs. 

And    why    ilul    I    lly    (unn    my    native    l.iiid 
'I  <>    dii:    1)\    tiiL'   <  iticl    ()jil)\va\'>    lianil?" 


40 


An 


<1    on    rotlc    the    l)ra\  (.•■>.     Slu-    cniilil    hear    the    ^tee 


.fs 


("on 


le 


galloimiLi    on    o'er    the    le\el    mead- 


And    lo\vl\-    >he    (  ioik  hed    in    the    ua\inj;    grass. 

And    h()i)ed    aiiain>t    ho|.e    that    tiie    l)ia\e>    wouhl    i)ass. 

'I'hey    have    pa>sed;    >he    is    safe, —she    i>   safe  1     Ah,  no; 

They    have    >triii  k    her    trail    and    thr    hiintei>    liah. 

lake    wolves    on    the    track    of    the    j.leediii-    doe, 

'I'hat    grappled    breaks    troni    the   drend    assault, 

Dash    tlie    wirrior>    wild    on    \\'iwa->te's    trail. 

She    Hies,  -  l)iit    what    (an    her    tli^ht    avail? 

Her    feet    are    tleet.    but    liie    tlyin_    feet 

(  )t     tlie    steeds    of    the    jirairies    are    fleeter    still; 

And    where    can    she    lly    foi    a    safe    retreat? 

15nt    hark    to    the    shouting:     "  lh<):  -   IJu) :"" 
Rings   over    the    wide    plain    sharp    and    shrill. 
She    halts,    and    the    hunters   come  riding    on; 
Hut    the    horrible    fear    from    her    heart    is  gone, 
I'or    it    is    not    the    ^hout    of   the    dreaded    foe; 
'Tis    the    welcome    >hout    of    her   native   land! 

L^p   galloped    the    chief    of    the    band,    and    lo— 

The    clutched    knile    dro])ped    from    her    trembling    hand; 

She    uttered    a    cry    and    she    swooned    away; 

For    there*    on    his    steed    in    the    bla/e    of    day, 

On    the    boimdle.->s    prairie,    so    far    awav, 

With    his    burnished    lance   and    his    feathers    'Mv 

Sat    the    manly    form    of    her    own    Chaske! 


r 


50  THE   FEAST  OF   THE   VIRGINS. 

There's   a   mote   in   my    eye  or   a    blot   on    the    page, 

And    I    cannot    tell    of    the   joyful   greeting; 

You   may    take    it   for   granted    and    I    will    engage, 

There   were   kisses   and   tears   at    the    strange,  glad    meeting; 

For   aye    since  the   birth   of    the    swift -winged   years, 

In    the   desert   drear,    in   the    field    of    clover. 

In    the   cot,    and    the    palace,  and    all   the    world    over, — 

Yea,   away   on   the    stars   to    the    ultimate    s[)heres, 

The   language   of    love   to    the  long -sought    lover, — 

Is  tears   and   kisses   and  kisses   and    tears. 


But    why   did   the    lover   so    long   delay? 

And    whitherward    rideth    the    chief   to-day? 

As   he   followed   the    trail  of    the   buffalo, 

From   the    tees   of    Kapo/a   a   maiden,    lo. 

Came  running   in   haste   o'er   the    drifted    snow. 

She    spoke    to   the    chief  of  the   tall    Hohe : 

"Wi waste   reciuests    that   the   brave    Chaske 

Will   abide    with   his   band    and   his   coming   delay 

'Till    the    moon   when   the    strawberries   are  ripe   and   red. 

And  then    will   the   chief    and   Wiwaste   wed — 

When    the    Feast   of    the    \'irgins   is   past,"   she    said. 

Wiwaste's   wish   was   her   lover's   law; 

And    so   his   coming    the   chief    delayed 

Till    the   mid  -  May   blossoms    should   bloom   and   fade, — 

But    the   lying   runner   was    Harpstina. 

And  now    with   the    gifts   for  the   bridal   day 

And  his   chosen   warriors   he   took    his   way, 

And  followed   his   heart    to    his  moon -faced   maid. 

And  thus   was   the   lover   so   long   delayed; 


THE  FEAST  OF   THE    VIRGIXS. 

And    so    as   he    rode    with   his    warriors   gay, 
On   that   bright    and    beautiful    summer    day. 
His   bride   he    met   on    the    trail    mid  -  way, 
By   the   haunts   of    the    treacherous    Chippeway. 

Clod    arms   the    innocent.      He    is   there — 

In    the    desert    vast,    in    the    wilderness. 

On    the   bellowing   sea,    in    the    lion's   lair, 

In  the    midst   of    battle,    and   everywhere.  . 

In   his   hand   he   holds   with    a   father's    care 

The   tender   hearts   of    the   motherless; 

The   maid   and    the    mother   in    sore   distress 

He   shields   with   his  love   and    his    tenderness; 

He  comforts   the   widowed — the   comfortless, 

And   sweetens   her   chalice   of    bitterness; 

He   clothes   the    naked — the   numberless, — 

His   charity   covers   their   nakedness, — 

And   he   feeds   the   famished   and   fatherless 

With   the   hand    that   feedeth   the   birds    of    air. 

Let   the   myriad    tongues   of    the    earth    confess 

His   infinite   love   and    his   holiness; 

For   his    pity   pities  the    pitiless. 

His   wayward   children    his   bounties   bless, 

And   his   mercy    flows   to    the    merciless; 

And   the   countless   worlds    in    the    realms    above. 

Revolve   in    the    light    of    his   boundless    love. 

And   what   of    the    lovers?    you    ask,    I    trow. 
She   told   him    all    ere    tlie    sun    was   low, — 
Why   she  fled   from    the    Feast    to    a    safe   retreat. 
She   laid   her   heart   at   her   lover's   feet, 


51 


f 


TnE    11  .AST  ()/'-    THE    IIRGINS. 

And    licr    words    wore    tears    and    her    lips    wore    slow. 

.\>    she    sadly    related    tlie    l)itter    talc 

His    face    was    allaine    and    aiiDii    ijrew    |)alc. 

And    his    dark    eyes    flashed    with    a    l)ra\e    desire, 

I, ike    the    midnij^hl    gleam    of    the    sacred    fire.'" 

'"Mitawin, he   said,    and    his    voice    was    low, 

'"Thy    fatlu'r    no    more    is    the    fal>e     Little     Crow; 
I'ut    the    fairest    |ihnne    shall    W  iwaste    wear 
( )!'    the    j;reat     W'annulee''    in    her    midnight    hair. 
In    mv    lodL^e.    in    the    land    of    the    tall     H()he, 
Tile    robins    will    sini;    all    the   Vm'^    summer    day 
To    the    heantifnl    hride    of    the    brave    Chaske." 


Aye.    lo\e    is    tested    by    stress    and    trial 

Since    the    ihi^er    of    time    on    the    endle.--s    dial 

liegan    it->    rounds,    and    the    orbs    to    move 

in    the    boundless    vast,    and    the    sunbeams    clove 

'llie    chaos;    but    only    by    fate's    denial 

I>    fathomed    the    fathomle>s    depths    of    love. 

.Man    is    the    rugi;ed    and    wrinkled    oak. 

And    woman    the    trusting   and    tender    vine  — 

That    clasps    and    climbs   till    its    arms    entwine 

The    brawnv    arms    of    the    sturdy    stoke.'' 

The    dimpled    babes    are    the    (lowers    di\ine 

That    the    blessing    of    (lod    on    the    \ine   and    oak 

With    their    cooing   and    blossoming    lijis    in\oke. 

To    the    pleasant    land   of   the    brave    Hohc 
Wiwaste    rode    with   her    i>roud    Chaske. 
She    ruled    like    a    i|ueen    in    his    bountiful    tee, 
And    the    lite    of   the    twain    was    a    jubilee. 


THE    rHAS'l    ()/'    7 //A    17A'(;/X.S. 

Their    wcc-    otu-^    (limbed    on    tlic    f;itlici'>    knee, 

And    played   with  liis   plumes    of   the    threat    Wanmdce. 

The    silken    threads    of    the   happy    years 

They    wove    into    heaiitiful    robes    of   love 

That    the    spirits    wear    in    the    lodge    abo\'e ; 

And   time    from    the    reel    of    the    rolling    >pheres 

His    silver    threads    with    the    ra\en    wove; 

lint    never    the    stain    of    a    mother's    tears 

Soiled    the    shinint;    web    of   their    happy    years. 

When    the    wrinkled     mask    of   the    \ears    they    wore. 
And    the    raven    hair    of    their    youth    was    grav, 
Their    love   grew    deeper,    and    iiiore    and    more; 
I'or    he    was    a    lover  for   aye    and    aye, 
And    ever    her    beautiful,    brave    Chaski.*. 
Through    the    wrinkled    mask    of   the    hcjarv    vears 
To    the    loving    eyes    of  the    lover    aye 
The    blosxjm   of  beautifid    youth    ai)pear>. 

At    last,    when    their    locks    were    as    white    as    <now. 

lieloved    and    honored    by    all    the    band. 

They    silently    slipped    from    their    lodge    below, 

And    walked    together,    and    liand    in    hand, 

(  )'er    the    Shining     Path"    to    the    Spirit-land; 

Where    the    hills    and    the    meadows    toy    a\e    and    a\e 

Are    clad    with    the    verdure    and    tlo\\er>    of    May, 

And    the    un>own    prairies   of    l^lradi^e 

\'ield    the    golden    niai/e    and    the    >weet    w  ild  -  ri(  e. 

There    ever    ripe    in    the    groves    and    prairies 

Hang    the    purple    plimis    and    the    lus(  ions    berries. 


fiS 


54 


THE   FEAST  OF  THE    VIRGINS. 


Aiul    the    .swarthy    herds   of   the   bison    feed 
On   llie    sun -lit    sloj)e    and    the    waving   mead; 
Thj    dajipled    fawns   from   their   coverts   peep, 
And    countless    Hocks   on    the    waters    sleej); 
And    the    silent    years    with    their    fingers    trace 
No    furrows   for    ave    on    the    hunter's    face. 


|H 


WINONA. 


WINONA, 


W/i,ii  the  iiuadow.lark  trillLd  o'er  tlic  leas  and  the  oriole  piped  in  the  maples, 
From  my  hammoeh,  all  under  l/ie  frees,  hy  the  s'ceet-seeiited  field  of  red.elover ^ 
I  harked  to  the  hum  of  the  bees,  as  they  i^atliered  the  mead  of  the  Idossoms, 
And  eaught  from  their  low  melodies  the  rhythm  of  the  song  of  Winona. 

In  pruimiincing  Dakota  words  give  "a"  the  .-nuiul  "I  "all,"— ••(.•'"  the  s..uiui  ..f  "a,"— "i"  tlit;  >nuiul  of  "i;' 
and  "ii"'  the  sound  of  "uo."  Sound  "ee"  tlie  san\e  a-  In  English.  'I'he  numerals  i— .^  etc.,  refer  t. 
notes  in  the  appendi.\.; 


,j; 


Two  hundred  white  Winters  and  mere  have  lied  fmni  the  face  nf  the  Smnnier, 

Since  here  on  the  oak-shaded  .shore  of  the  (hiri<-\vindiny.  sw  ifi  Mississippi, 

Where  his  foaming  Hoods  tumble  and  roar,  on  the  falls  and  the  white-rolliiii;  rajiids, 

In  the  fair,  fabled  center  of  Karih,  sat  the  hniian  town  of  Ka-tha-ga."'' 

Far  rolling  away  to  the  north,  and  the  .south,  lay  the  emerald  prairies, 

Alternate  with  woodlands  and  lake^,  and  above  them  the  lilue  vast  of  ether. 

And  here  where  the  dark  river  brcak.s  into  spray  and  the  roar  of  the  Ila-IIa,''' 

Were  gathered  the  bison-skin  tees  of  the  cliief  tawny  tribe  of  J\akotas; 

For  here,  in  the  bla.st  and  the  breeze,  tlew  the  Hag  of  the  chief  of  I-antees,'" 

Up-raised  on  the  stem  of  a  lance — the  feathery  flag  of  the  eagle. 

And  here  to  the  feast  and  the  dance,  from  the  jirairie^  remote  and  the  forests. 

Oft  gathered  the  out-lying  bands,  and  honored  the  god-  of  the  nation. 

On  the  islands  and  murmuring  strands  they  danced  to  the  god  of  the  waters, 

Unktchee, '■'■' who  dwelt  in  the  caves,  deep  under  the  flood  of  tlie  Ila-IIa;"'' 

And  high  o'er  the  eddies  and  waves  hung  their  offerings  of  fur-  and  tuiiacco.* 

And  here  to  the  Master  of  life— Anpe-tu-wee,"'    god  of  the  heavens. 

Chief,  warrior,  and  maiden,  and  wife,  burned  the  sacred  green  sprigs  of  the  cedar.'" 

And  here  to  the  Searcher-of-hearts — fierce  T.a-ku  Skan-skan,''   the  avenger. 

Who  tlwells  in  the  uttermost  parts — in  the  earth  and  the  blue,  -tarrv  ether. 


*Sec  Hennepin's  Discription  ofLouisiana,  by  Shea,  pp.  243  and   256.     Parkman's  iJiscoverv,  p.  24-.- 
and  Carver's  Travels,  p.  67. 


58 


U'lNOiXA. 


Mvcr  watching,  with  ali-sceing  eyes,  the  deeds  of  the  wives  and  the  warritii.>, 

As  an  (ispiey  afar  in  tlie  skies,  sees  the  fish  as  they  swim  in  the  waters, 

Oft  spread  they  the  bison-tongue  feast,  and  singing  preferred  their  jjctitions, 

Till  the  Day-S])irit""  rose  in  tlie  I'last — in  the  red,  rosy  robes  of  the  morning, 

To  sail  o'er  the  sea  of  the  skies,  to  his  lodge  in  the  land  of  the  shad(.)ws. 

Where  the  black-winged  tt)rnadoes*  arise — nishingloiid  from  the  mouths  of  their  cavern>. 

And  here  with  a  shudder  they  heard.  Hying  far  from  liis  tee  in  the  mountains, 

Wa-kni-yan,'"'  the  huge  Thunder-Bird,  with  the  arrows  of  fire  in  his  talons. 

Two  hundred  white  Winters  and  more  have  fled  from  the  face  of  the  Summer, 

Since  here  by  the  cataract's  roar,  in  the  moon  of  the  red-blooming  lilies,"' 

In  the  tee  of  Ta-te-psinf  was  born  Winona — wild-rose  of  the  prairies. 

Like  the  summer  sun  peejiing,  at  morn,  o'er  the  hills  was  the  face  of  Winona; 

And  here  she  grew  up  like  a  (|ueen — a  romping  and  lily-li])i)cd  laughter, 

And  danceil  on  the  imdulant  green,  and  played  in  the  frolicsome  waters, 

Wlicre  the  foaming  tide  tumbles  and  tw  iris  o'er  the  murnniring  rf)cks  in  the  rapids; 

And  whiter  than  foam  were  the  pearls  that  gleamed  in  the  midst  of  her  laughter. 

Long  and  dark  was  her  Mowing  hair  flung,  like  the  robe  of  the  night  to  the  breezes; 

And  gay  as  the  robin  she  sung,  or  the  gold-breasted  lark  of  the  meadows. 

Like  tlie  wings  of  the  wind  were  her  feet,  and  as  sure  as  the  feet  of  Ta-t<')-ka;* 

Anil  oft  like  an  antelope  fleet  o'er  the  hills  and  the  prairies  she  bounded. 

Lightly  laughing  in  sport  as  she  ran,  and  looking  back  over  her  slu)uldcr, 

At  the  fleet-footed  maiden  or  man,  that  vainly  her  living  steps  followed. 

The  l)ellc  of  the  village  was  she,  and  the  pride  of  the  aged  Ta-tt-psin; 

Like  a  sunbeam  she  lighted  his  tee,  and  gladdened  the  heart  of  her  father. 

In  the  golden-hued  W.i/u-i)e-wee — the  moon  when  the  wild-rice  is  gathered; 

When  the  leaves  on  the  tall  sugar-tree  are  as  red  as  the  l)reast  of  the  robin, 

And  the  red-oaks  that  border  the  lea  are  aflame  with  the  fire  of  the  sunset, 

From  the  wide- waving  fields  of  wild-rice — from  the  meadows  of  Psin-ta-wak-pa-dan,§ 


'I'lic  l>;ikcit:is,  like  tlic  aiu;ient  Rom.Tiis  and  Orcckf,  think  tlic  home  of  the  winds  Is  in  the  c.Tverns  of 
the  mountains,  and  their  great  Tliunder-l)ird  reseml)les  in  many  resjiects  the  Jupiter  of  the  Romans  and 
the  /eiis  of  the  (Ireeks.  The  re^tmlilance  of  the  Dakota  mythology  to  that  of  the  older  Greeks  and  Ro- 
mans is  striking. 

t'i'atc — wind, — psin — wild-rice — wild -rice  wind. 

{The  Moiuitain  antelope. 

§I,ittle  Rice  River.  It  hears  the  name  of  Rice  Creek  to-day  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  from  the 
east,  a  few  miles  above  Minneapolis. 


UV.VO.VA. 

Where  the  geese  and  the  mallaicls  rejoice,  ami  giuw  fat  on  the  InHintiful  harvest. 
Came  the  hunters  with  saddles  of  moose  and  the  flesh  of  the  hear  and  tlie  i>i-nn, 
And  the  women  in  birchen  canoes  well  laden  with  rice  from  the  meadows, 

With  the  tall,  du.-.ky  hunters,  behold,  came  a  marvelous  nuiii  nr  a  spirit. 
White-faced  and  so  wrinkled  and  old,  and  clad  in  the  robe  of  the  raven, 
UnHeady  his  steps  were  and  slow,  and  he  walked  with  a  staff  in  hi>  right  hand, 
And  white  as  the  fir>t-falliny;  miow  were  the  thin  locks  that  lay  on  his  shoulders. 
Like  rime-covered  moss  hung  his  beard,  (lowing  down  from  his  face  tu  his  girdle; 
And  wan  was  his  aspect  and  weird;  and  ofttii  he  chanted  and  mumbleil 
In  a  -trange  and  mysterious  tongue,  as  he  bent  o'er  his  book  in  devdion. 
Ur  lifted  his  dim  eyes  and  sung,  in  a  low  voice,  the  snlemn  "  'J\-  Dtiim." 
Or  Latin,  or  Hebrew,  or  Greek— all  the  same  were  his  wt.nls  to  the  warriors,— 
All  the  same  to  the  maid>  and  the  meek,  wide-wondering-eyed,  hazel-brown  children. 

Father  Kent-  Menard* — it  was  he,  long  lost  to  his  Jesuit  brothers, 

Sent  forth  by  an  holy  decree  to  carry  the  Cross  to  the  heathen. 

In  his  old  age  abandoned  to  die,  in  the  swamps,  by  his  timid  ciimjianion^. 

He  prayed  to  the  \'irgin  on  high,  and  she  led  him  forth  from  the  forest; 

For  angels  .she  sent  him  as  men— in  the  forms  of  the  tawny  Dakotas. 

And  they  led  his  feet  from  the  fen,— from  the  >lough  of  dcsjiond  and  the  desert. 

Half-dead  in  a  dismal  morass,  as  they  followed  the  red-deer  ihcv  found  bin). 

In  the  midst  of  the  mire  and  the  grass,  and  mumbling  '-'J'c  Dtiim  /,iiu/iiniiis."' 

'•Unktnmee'-— Ho!"  muttered  the  ])raves,  for  they  deemed  him  the  black  .Spider-Sjiirit 

That  dwells  in  the  drearisome  caves,  and  walks  on  tlie  marshes  at  midnight, 

With  a  flickering  torch  in  his  hand,  to  decoy  to  his  den  the  unwary. 

His  tongue  could  they  not  understand,  but  his  torn  hands  all  shriveled  w  ith  famine. 

He  stretched  to  the  hunters  and  said:    "He  feedeth  his  chosen  with  manna; 

And  ye  are  the  angels  of  God,  sent  to  save  me  from  death  in  the  desert.'" 

His  famishetl  and  woe-begone  face,  and  Ids  tones  touched  the  iiearts  of  the  hunters; 

They  fed  the  poor  father  ajiacc,  and  they  led  him  away  to  Ka-thri-ga. 

There  little  by  little  he  learned  the  tongue  of  the  tawnv  Dakotas; 

And  the  heart  of  the  good  father  yearned  to  lead  them  away  from  their  idol 

Their  giant.s'"  and  dread  Thunder-birds— their  wmsiiip  ,.f  ^tunes''  and  the  devil. 


:)9 


*  Sec  the  account  of   Father    Menard,    his  inissi.in  :uu!  disaiipoarance   in    tlie  u  ildcniLSS,  cti:.     NeiU's 
Hist.  Minnesota,  pp.  104  to  107  inc. 


' '     K 


00 


U'/\0\A. 


"\Vak;ni-(li'I"*  tlii-y  ;iii«.\m'ii'(1  his  vvords,  fur  lie  roail  from  his  Ixiok  in  tlic  Latin, 

l.i'st  till'  \a/;>ii'ni''s  hi)ly  luniinands  liy  his  itin^uc  slionld  l)i'  niant'il  in  tianslalion; 

Anil  oil  wiili  Ills  ln'ads  in  his  hands,  dp  the  i  loss  and  tlii'  crui  ilicd  Jcsiis, 

lie  Umlt  li\  liiiiisclf  111)  ihr  samis.  mid  Ids  dim  cyis  iiplit'ti'd  In  ht.'avcn. 

I'iiit  llic  liia\i's  i)adc  him  hioL  tn  ihe"  Masi      In  llic  silvi-iy  ludj^i-  of  I  laii-ii;in-iia;i 

And  Ik  daiKO  \\ith  ihi'  iliii'ls  at  the  fiMst     at  the  feast  of  the  Ciiant  I  leyi'i  Ixa.'" 

'I'liey  frowned  wlion  ihe  j;oo<l  fatlier  spurned  the  tiesh  of  thi-  ih>^  in  llie  kettle, 

And  laughed  when  his  liiij^ois  were  luirned  in  liie  hot,  hoilinj^  pot  of  the  t;iant. 

"Tile  lilaek-rolie"  they  ealled  the  jioor  priest,  from  the  line  of  his  rolie  and  his  j^iidle; 

And  iu'\er  a  i^aiiie  or  a  feast  hut  the  father  must  graec  with  his  preseiue. 

His  ])ra\erdioi)k  the  liuntcis  re\ere<l, — they  deemed  it  a  iiiarvelous  spirit; 

it  spoke  and  the  while  father  heard,      it  interjireted  visions  and  omens. 

And  often  they  i>ade  him  to  pray  this  marvelous  spirit  to  answer, 

Anil  tell  where  the  sly  Chippeway  might  he  amhushed  and  slain  in  his  forests. 

l'"or  Menard  was  the  first  in  the  land,  proilainiiiiy;,  like  John  in  the  desert  — 

"The  Kingdinn  of  Heaven  is  at  hand;  repent  ye.  and  turn  from  your  id<ds." — 

The  first  of  ilie  hrave  hrotlierhood  that,  threailing  the  fens  and  the  forest, 

Stood  afar  liv  the  lurhulent  Hood  at  liie  falls  of  the  Father  of  Waters. 


In  the  lodge  of  the  .Stranger:,*:  he  sat,  awaiting  the  erovMi  of  a  martyr; 
His  sad  face  eoni])assioii  hegal  in  the  heart  of  the  dark-eyed  Winona. 
Oft  she  eame  to  the  teejieo  and  spoke;  she  hrought  liiin  the  tongue  of  the  hison, 
Sweet  nuts  from  the  lia/el  and  oak,  and  llesh  of  the  fawn  and  the  mallard. 
.Soft  lianpaj!  she  made  for  his  feel  and  leggins  of  velvety  fawn-skin, — 
.\  hlaiikel  of  heaver  comidele,  and  a  hood  of  the  hide  of  the  otter. 
.\iid  oft  at  his  feel  on  the  mat,  deftly  hraiding  the  llags  and  the  rushes, 
Till  ihe  sun  sought  his  teepee  she  sat,  enchanted  with  what  he  related 
(lf  the  white-w  ingeil  ships  on  the  sea  and  the  teepees  far  over  the  ocean, 
Of  ihc  love  and  the  sweet  charily  of  the  Christ  ami  ihe  heaulifnl  N'irgiu. 

She  lislcneil  like  one  in  a  trance  when  he  spoke  of  the  hrave.  heardeil  Frenchmen, 
From  the  green,  sun-lit  valleys  of  France  to  the  wild  Hochelaga  i  transplanted, 
<  >ft  trailing  the  deserts  of  snow  in  the  heart  of  the  dense  Huron  forests, 

'  ll  is  sviMulcrfiil. 

t'I'lic  iiMniiiiL;. 

{A  IikIuc  set  apart  for  guests  of  the  village. 

^Moccasin-. 

lIThc  Ott.iua  ii.Tine  for  tlie  region  of  tlie.'st.  Lawrence  River. 


ir/.\().v/i. 


Or  siecriiiR  the  ^laullllc^-.  rancu-  llirnuj;li  llic  wave-,  of  tlic  frcsh  water  nccaii. 

"Yea,  stronijfr  and  l)ra\rr  aii;  ilioy,"  .">aiil  the  aj^'fil  Moiianl  in  Winniia, 

"Tliaii  tlie  licail-cliiff,  tall  Wa/i-kutt-,''  l)Ut  their  wdmN  arc  a^  M)ft  a^  a  m  li'k'n'N; 

Thfir  »yc^  arc  the  eyes  of  the  swan,  but  their  hearts  arc  tile  hearts  ol    ilio  cij^ie-.; 

Antl  the  lerriliie  Ma/a  \Vak;iii*  ever  \\alk>  l)y  their  si<le  like  a  spirit 

Like  a  'l'liiin<ler-l>ir<l.  roaring  in  wratli,  llinj^inj^  lire  from  hi^  terriiile  talons, 

It  Ncnds  tn  their  enemies  death,  in  tlie  lla^i  of  the  fatal  Wakanilee."+ 

Tlie  Antunni  wasjiast  and  llicsiiow  lay  drifted  and  deep  on  the  prairie^; 

From  liis  teepee  «>f  ice  came  the  fne — laine  tlu-  storm  I. real hini^  j^od  of  tlie  wintei. 

Then  roarcil  in  the  j^roves, — on  the  plains, — on  the  ice-covered  lakes  and  the  rivci  — 

'rile  blasts  of  the  fieri  e  iiiuiiiani'>  blown  al)roaci  from  the  lirea^t  ot    Wa/.iya.' 

The  bear  cudd!e<l  down  in  Iii--dt'M,  and  tlie  elk  lied  away  to  the  forot ; 

The  Mlicasant  and  ^ray  |>raiiiedien  made  tlieir  i)eds  in  tlie  heart  of  tlie  -now -drift ; 

'I'hc  bison-henis  huddled  and  stood  in  ilie  hollow^  and  umlerthe  hill-si(|e-, 

( )r  rooted  the  >.no\\  for  their  food  in  the  lee  of  the  bluffs  and  the  timiiei ; 

And  the  mad  wind-i  that  howled  Irom  the  north,  from  the  ice-covered  seas  of  W'a/ija, 

Chased  the  gray  wolf  and  red  fox  anil  swarth  to  tlieir  dcn>  in  the  hills  of  the  forest. 

I'oor  Father  Menard,— he  was  ill;   in  liis  breast  burned  the  lire  <>f  the  fe\er; 
All  in  vain  wa^  the  maijical  skill  of  Wicasta  Wakan'''  with  his  rattle: 
Into  soft,  child-like  .slumber  he  fell,  and  awoke  in  the  land  of  the  bles>cd — 
To  the  holy  ajii'lanse  of  "Well  done!"  and  the  harps  in  the  hands  of  the  antjeN. 
Long  he  carried  the  cro»,  and  he  won  the  coveted  crown  of  a  niaityr. 

In  the  land  of  the  heathen  he  died,  meekly  fidlouini^  the  voice  of  hi-  Ma-tcr. 

<  )ne  mourner  alone  l>y  liis  >ide — Ta-te-psin's  eompas>ionate  daughter. 

She  wailed  the  dead  father  with  tears,  and  his  bones  by  her  kindred  -he  buried. 

Then  winter  followed  winter.     The  year-  -.prinkled  fro-t  on  the  head  of  !ier  fallui ; 

And  three  weary  winters  she  dreame<l  of  the  fearle-'-  and  fail -l)earde'l  f  lencliimMi; 

In  her  sweet  sleeji  their  swift  l)addle^  glcanieil  on  the  lireast  of  the  broad  Mi>si-^i|ipi, 

And  the  eye-  of  the  brave  strangers  beamed  on  the  maid  in  the  mid-l  of  her  -lumber. 

She  lacked  not  admirers;  the  light  of  the  lover  oft  burned  in  her  teejiee — 

At  her  couch  in  the  midst  of  the  night, — but  -he  ne\ci  extinguished  tlie  llambeau. 

■".Mystorimiri  metal" — ur  metal  having.!  spirit  in  ir     'I'liis  is  the  cumin'in  name  applied  by  the  Uakotas 
ti)  al!  fire-arms, 
tl.ightiiing. 


■:  ■  i 


02 


n  /Nox.i. 


The  soil  of  C'liit'f  \V*a/i-kul«' — a  fearless  and  eii};Ie-|>Iuine(l  warrior — 
I-oiiy  sii;lu'il  fill-  Witiniiii,  ;m(l  lie— was  the  jiride  of  the  haiul  of  iMintees. 
Three  times,  in  the  iiiyht,  at  her  bed,  had  the  brave  lield  tiie  torch  of  the  lover, '^ 
And  thrice  had  she  covered  her  head  and  rejected  the  liandsome  I'anuloka.* 

'Twas  Siunnier,      The  merry-voiced  i)irds  trilled  and  warbled  in  woodland  and  meadow  ; 

And  abroail  on  the  prairies  the  lierds  crojiped  the  .^rass  in  the  land  of  tlie  lilies, — 

And  sweet  was  the  oihir  of  rose  wide-wafted  from  hillside  and  lieatlur; 

In  tile  leaf-shadeil  lap  of  repose  lay  the  brij^lil,  iilue-cyed  l>abes  of  tlie  >iimincr; 

And  low  was  the  nuirniur  of  brooks,  and  low  was  the  laugh  of  the  lia-lla;"'' 

And  asleep  in  the  eddies  and  nooks  lay  the  broods  of  niaj^d""  and  the  mallard. 

"Twas  the  moon  of  Wasi'mpa/'    'i'he  band  lay  at  rest  in  the  tees  at  Ka-tha-ga, 

And  abroad  o'er  the  beautiful  land  walked  the  spirits  of  Peace  and  of  Plenty — 

Twin  sisters,  with  bounlilnl  hand,  wiile  scatt'rinjj  wild-rice  and  the  lilies, 

An-|)e-tu-wee'"  walked  in  the  west — to  his  hul^je  in  the  midst  of  the  tni)uutains. 

And  the  war-eagle  Hew  to  her  nest  in  the  oak  on  the  Isle  of  the  Spirit. t 

.\nd  now  at  the  end  t)f  the  day,  by  the  shore  of  the  iieautiful  Island, ^ 

A  score  of  fair  maidens  and  gay  matle  joy  in  the  midst  of  the  waters. 

Half-robeil  in  their  dark,  Howing  hair,  and  limbed  like  the  fair  Aphrodite, 

They  played  in  the  waters,  and  there  they  dived  and  they  swam  like  the  beavers, — 

I.oud-laughing  like  loons  on  the  lake  when  the  moon  is  a  round  shield  of  silver, 

And  the  songs  of  the  whippowils  wake  on  the  shore  in  the  midst  of  the  maples. 

But  hark  I — on  the  river  a  song, — strange  voices  commingled  in  chorus; 
On  the  current  a  i)oat  swept  along  with  DuLuth  and  his  hardy  companions; 
To  the  stroke  of  their  paddles  they  sung,  and  this  the  refrain  that  they  chanted: 

■'Dans  mon  chemin  j'ai  recontre 
Deux  cavaliers  bien  moutees. 

Loii,  Ion,  laridon  ilaine, 
Lon,  Ion,  laridon  ilai." 

"Deux  cavaliers  bien  moutees; 
L'un  a  cheval,  et  I'autre  a  pied. 
Lon,  lon,  laritlon  daine, 
Lon,  lon,  laridon  daL'^ji 

"  Tah-iiul(i-k;ih— literally,  the  Imck-docr. 

tThc  Dakotas  say  that  for  in  my  years  in  oUlen  times  a  war-eagle  inaiie  her  nest   in  an   oak-tree  on 
Spirit-island — Wanagi-wita,  just  below  the  Falls,  till  frightened  away  by  the  advent  of  white  men. 
{The  Itakotas  called  Nicollet  Island  "  Wi-ta  Waste"— the  beautiful  Island. 
§A  part  of  one  of  the  favorite  songs  of  the  French  ■S'l^ya^eitrs. 


II7M).\.I. 


03 


Like  lilt'  ii'il,  ilapplfil  (leer  in  tlic  tjlaiic.  aiaiiiK'il  liy  the  fdot^tep^  nf  hmiters, 
l)i^c^vL'n.•^l,  ili^iiiilL'H.'(l,  ilism.iyi'd,  the  iui>le  iiympli--  lleii  fwitli  rioiu  the  wiiters, 
Ami  Miiiniiereil  away  tn  tiie  -.ha'te,  ami  pcoreil  iVnni  ilic  ^trefii  nf  tlie  liiiilens, 

A  l)tilil  am!  ami  niUeiiturcinme  man  wa-.  i)nlailh,  ami  a  'launlle>N  in  ilangei', 

Ami  stiai^^ht  tt>  l^ati>aL;a  he  tan,  ami  lioMly  aiivaiKcil  to  tlie  waninrs, 

Now  ti.ithering,  a  cloud,  on  the  strand,  and  ^••'''"o  i^nia/ed  on  the  slranyers; 

And  straij,'lit\vay  he  otTered  his  hand  unto  Wa/i-kutc,  the  Itancaii. 

To  tlie  Lodj^e  of  the  Stran^'er  were  led  Dulaitii  ami  his  iiardy  ci)ni|)anion>; 

Kohesof  heaver  and  hi-on  were  spread,  and  the  Peace-pipe''"  was  smoked 
wiili  the  Frenchman. 

Tiiere  was  tlaiiein^  antl  fea^tini,' at  ni^ht.  and  ')<<y  at  the  jire-ents  he  !a\ished. 

All  the  maidens  were  wild  with  delight  with  the  llamini;  nd  rolie-.  and  the  rihlmns, 

With  the  heails  and  the  trinkets  unti>M,  and  the  fair,  bearded  faieuf  the  j^ivcr; 

Ami  i^Iad  were  they  all  to  hehold  the  friends  {v<>\\\  the  Land  of  the  Sunrise. 

I!ut  line  stood  ajiart  fruni  the  rest — the<|ueenly  and  peerIe->  Wimma, 

Intently  regarding  the  guest — hardly  heeding  the  rohes  anil  the  ribbons, 

Whom  the  While  Chief  belmlding  admire<l,  and  -.traigluway  he  ^pread  on  her  shouldei> 

.\  lily-reil  robe  and  attired,  with  necklet  and  rilibons,  the  maiden. 

The  red  lilies  bloomed  in  her  face,  and  her  glad  eyes  gave  thanks  to  the  giver, 

And  forth  from  her  teepee  apace  she  brought  him  the  robe  and  the  mis^aI 

Of  the  father— i)oor  Rene  Menard;  and  related  the  talc  <>f  the  "lllack  Robe." 

She  spoke  of  the  sacred  regard  he  ins|)ired  in  the  hearts  of  Dakotas; 

That  she  buried  his  Ixmes  with  her  kin,  in  the  mound  by  tlie  Cave  of  the  Council; 

That  she  treasured  and  wrapt  in  the  skin  of  the  red-deer  his  r(jl)e  and  his  |irayer-book  — 

"Till  his  brothers  shoukl  come  from  the  Last — from  the  laml  of  the  far  Ilochelaga, 

To  smoke  with  the  braves  at  the  feast,  on  the  shores  of  the  Loud-laughing  Waters."'' 

For  the  "Hlack  Robe"  spake  much  of  his  youth  and  his  friends  in  the  Land 

of  the  Sunrise; 
It  was  then  as  a  dream;  now  in  truth,  I  behold  them,  ami  not  in  a  vi>ioii." 
Hut  more  spake  her  blushes,  I  ween,  ami  her  eye>  full  of  language  unspoken, 
As  she  turned  with  the  grace  of  a  <iueeii,  and  carried  her  gifts  to  the  teejiee. 

Far   way  from  his  beautiful  l-'rance — from  his  home  in  the  city  of  Lyons, 
A  1  youth  full  of  romance,  with  a  Norman  heart  big  with  adventure. 

In         new  world  a  wanderer,  by  chance,  DuLuth  sought  the  wild  Huron  forests. 


i 


i 


»u 


1 1 7X0  X.I. 


llul  afar  hy  the  vale  of  llic  KliDiie,  llic  winding  ami  musical  riser, 

And  the  vine-c(}vered  hills  of  the  Saone,  the  heart  of  the  wanderer  lingered, — 

'Mid  the  vineyard-,  and  niull-erry  tree-,  ami  the  fair  fields  of  corn  and  of  clover 

That  rippled  and  waved  in  the  bree/e,  while  the  honey-bees  hiiinined  in  the  t)Ios-.oni>. 

l-"or  there,  wliere  th'  impetuous  Klione,  leaping  down  from  the  Switzerland  mountains, 

And  the  silver-lipped,  -oft-llowing  Sai'me,  meeting,  kis-,  and  commingle  together, 

IJown-winding  by  vineyards  and  leas,  liy  tne  orchards  of  tig-trees  and  olives, 

To  the  island-gemmed.  sa|>phire-b!ue  seas  uf  the  glorious  C'lreeks  and  the  Romans; 

Aye,  there,  on  the  vine-covered  shore,  'mid  the  mulberry-trees  aiul  the  t)lives, 

J)welt  his  blue-eyed  and  beautifid  Flore,  with  her  hair  like  a  wheat-held  at  harvest, 

All  rip]ile<l  and  tossed  by  the  bree/e,  and  her  cheeks  like  the  glow  of  the  morning, 

l'"ar  away  o'er  the  emeraki  -eas,  ere  the  -un  lifts  hN  brow  from  the  liillows, 

Or  the  red-clover  fields  when  the  bee-,  -inging  si[)ped  the  sweet  cup-  of  the  blos-oms. 

Wherever  he  wandered — alone  in  the  heart  of  the  wild  Huron  forests, 

Or  cruising  tiie  risers  unknown  to  the  land  of  the  Crees  or  |)akolas — 

His  heart  lingered  still  on  the  Rhone,  'mid  the  mulberry-trees  and  the  vineyards, 

Fast-fettered  aiul  bouiul  by  the  /.one  that  giioled  tlie  robes  of  his  darling. 

Till  the  rcil  Ilarve-t  Mocir'  he  rein:iincd  in  the  vale  of  the  swift  Mi-sissippi. 

The  estcei.i  of  the  warriors  he  gained,  and  the  love  of  the  dark-eyed  Winona. 

He  joined  in  the  sports  and  the  cha-e;   with  the  liunters  lie  follow eil  the  bison. 

And  swift  were  his  feet  in  the  race  when  the  red  elk  they  ran  on  the  prairies. 

At  the  Game  of  the  Plum-stones"  he  played,  and  lie  won  from  the  skillfulest  players; 

A  feast  to  W'a'tanka  he  made,  ami  he  danced  at  the  feast  of  Heyi'ika.'" 

With  the  lla-li  and  the  roar  of  hi-  gun  he  astonished  the  fearless  Dakotas; 

They  called  it  the  •■.Ma/a  Wakan" — the  mighty,  my-leriou-  metal. 

""I"i-a  brother,"  they  said,  "of  the  fire  in  the  talons  of  dreadful  Wakinyan,'- 

When  he  tk\ps  his  huge  wings  in  hi-  ire,  and  -hoots  his  red  shafts  at  I'liktehc:.'"''' 


The  Itancan, ''  tall  Wa/i-kute.  ap]pointed  a  ilay  for  the  races. 

From  the  red  stake  that  stood  by  his  tee,  on  the  southerly  side  of  the  Ha-ha, 

To  a  stake  at  the  Lake  ofthe  I.oons" ' — a  league  and  relurn--was  the  distance. 

Oil  the  crest  of  the  hills  red  batin)!.-,  marked  the  course  for  the  feel  of  the  runners. 

They  gathered  from  near  ami  afnr,  to  the  racoand  dancing  and  feasting. 

Five  hundred  tall  warriors  were  there  from  Kapi'i/a''    and  far-off  Ke<'>/a;' 


U /.XO.Wl.  65 

Remnica,'  loo,  furnislied  a  share  nf  llic  lo^'iun,  tliat  iIuoii^lmI  Io  tin.'  rnci-^. 

Ami  a  l)t)iiiitiful  feast  \vaspic|)arfil  by  llie  dilij^eiit  liaiid^  nf  llic  wonu-ii, 

And  j^aily  tlie  mullitiidcs  fared  in  the'j^enerous  lees  of  Katha^a. 

The  ihief  of  the  mystical  clan  appointed  a  feast  to  I'nkti'liee- 

The  mystic  "VVacipee  Wakan"+-~at  the  end  of  the  day  and  the  laies. 

A  hand  (tf  sworn  Ijrolhers  are  they,  and  tlu'seiiet^  of  eacii  one  are  sairod. 

And  death  to  the  li|)s  that  betray  is  tile  dooin  of  tlie  swarthy  avenyer>, 

And  tile  son  of  tall  \Va/i-kute  was  the  chief  nf  the  mystical  orih'r. 

( >n  an  arm  of  an  oal^  lianj^s  the  ])ri/e  for  liie  swiftest  and  stront^est  of  rnmiers — 
A  hlaiikcL  as  red  as  tlie  skies,  when  tiie  flames  sweep  the  plains  in  (  Kiober. 
And  tteside  it  a  slron;^,  polished  bow,  and  a  i|uiver  of  iron-tipped  arrcjws, 
Which  Kapi'v.a's  tail  chief  will  I)e>tow  on  liie  lleel-fnoied  second  that  follows. 
A  score  of  swift-rnnners  are  there  from  the  se\eral  bands  of  tlie  nation; 
And  now  for  the  race  tliey  pre|iare,  and  amoiii^  them  lleil-fooied  'ramd<'ika. 
With  the  oil  of  the  buck  and  the  bear  their  sinewy  !imi)s  are  anointed, 
Kor  (leet  are  the  feet  of  the  deer  and  sirony  are  the  hmbs  of  liie  bruin. 
And  long  is  the  course  and  severe  for  the  iwiftest  and  strongest  of  runners. 

Hark  I--  tlie  sliouts  and  the  braying  of  drums,  and  the  IJaiiei  of  tongues  and  coitfu-ion  ! 

l•'romlli^  teepee  tlie  tall  chieftain  comes,  and  Dul.ulii  brings  a  |iri/c  for  llic  runner.-,-- 

A  keen  iiimting-kiiife  from  tiu'  Seine,  liorn-iiandled  and  niounti'd  with  Mlvcr. 

The  runners  are  ranged  on  ihe  iilaiu,  and  the  Chief  wase>  a  llag  as  a  signal, 

.\iid  away  like  the  gray  wolves  tiiey  tly      liki-  ihe  wolvo  on  tlie  (rail  of  the  red-deer; 

<  >'er  tile  iiills  and  the  prairie  they  vie,  and  -ii.iiii  their  strong  limb-,  to  the  iiimo^i, 

While  liigii  on  the  hills  hangs  a  cloud  of  wani<u->  and  maideu^aiid  motlier^, 

To  beiiold  the  swifl-nmiu'r^,  and  huid  are  the  cheer-  and  tlie  >liout->  of  the  warrior>. 

Now  swift  from  the  lake  they  return,  o'er  the  emerald  hill^  and  the  luMlher; 
lake  gri'y-hounds  they  pant  and  ihey  yearn,  and  the  le.\dcr  of  ;dl  is  Tainiloka. 
At  his  lieels  (lies  Ilu-pa-hu,;:  the  lleel     -the  pride  of  the  band  ol  Kao/a, 
A  warrior  w  ith  eagled-w  inged  feel,  lull  lii>  prize  is  the  bow  and  the  i|uivei. 
Tnmih'.ka  first  readies  tiie  |)ost,  ami  hi,  are  the  knife  and  the  blanket, 
I'.y  the  mighty  acclaim  of  the  host  and  award  ol  t!;t  ;:!iief  and  tiiu  judges. 


•I'roiiivunccil  R:»y  iniii-  eliah -Tliu  vilkiue  iif  llic  Me'iiiUi'iis,  siuni,,  uli,  ri:  ko.l  Win-  \v<\\   ,i.,iii 
tS.irrcil  iLuicc—l'lic  MvijitaiK-ilaiici;  -  Sec  iJcMrnitioii  liifia. 
t'lhc  wnig^. 


i;<; 


II /.VOX. 1 


Then  proml  wa>  the  tall  warrior's  stride,  ami  haughty  hi>  lank  ami  ileineanor; 
lie  !»i>aste<l  alniid  in  liis  pride,  and  he  stotfcd  U  the  rest  of  the  runners. 
"Hehiild  nie,  for  1  am  a  nian  I*  n»y  ieet  are  as  ^wifl  as  the  West-wind. 
Willi  the  tuDMs  and  the  l)eavers  I  ran;  hut  where  is  the  elk  or  the  cai)ri?  "' 
C'oniel-  -where  is  tiie  hunter  will  dare  match  hi>  feel  with  the  feel  of  'I'anidoka? 
IaI  him  ihink  of  Tale  t  and  beware,  ere  he  stake  hi^  la>l  rolie  on  the  trial." 
"(ihi'il  llol  llo-hecaI'"J   they  jeered,  for  they  like'l  not  the  l>oa>t  of  lite  lioaster; 
I'lUl  lo  inaUh  him  no  warrior  appeared,  for  hi-,  feet  wore  the  wings  of  liie  west-wind. 

Then  forth  from  ihe  side  of  the  chief  stepped  IhiLuth  and  he  |ooke<l  on  the  boaster; 
■'The  words  of  a  warrior  are  brief,- — I  will  run  with  the  lirave,"  said  the  !''renclmian; 
"I'lUt  the  fei'l  of  Tamd('ika  are  tired;  abide  till  the  cool  of  the  smi^et." 
.\ll  the  hiuiters  and  maidens  atlmireil,  for  >lrong  were  tlie  liinb^  of  the  stranj^er. 
"iliwi"!    lloT'S  they  shouted  and  lou<l  rose  theclieer^of  the  multitude  uiiuL^led; 
And  there  in  the  midst  of  theerowii  stood  the  glad-eyed  and  blushing  Winona. 

Now  afar  o'er  the  plains  of  the  west  walked  the  ^un  at  the  end  of  lii>  journey. 

Anil  forth  came  the  brave  and  the  guest,  at  the  ta])  of  the  drum,   for  the  trial. 

Like  a  forest  of  larches  the  hordes  were  gathered  to  witness  the  content; 

.\s  loud  as  thedrunis  were  theirwords  and  they  roaied  like  the  roar  of  the  lla-ha. 

I'Or  some  for  'l'anid(')ka  contend,  and  some  for  the  fiir,  bearded  stranger. 

And  iIr  betting  runs  high  to  the  end,  with  the  skins  of  the  bison  and  beaver. 

.\  wife  of  tall  Wa/i-kule — the  mother  of  boastful  Tamd<ika — 

llrought  her  handsomest  robe  from  the  tee,  with  a  vaunting  and  loud  proclamation: 

She  wdulil  slake  her  last  robe  on  her  son  who,  she  boasted,  was  fleet  as  the  I'abri,  '"' 

And  the  tall,  lawny  chieftain  looked  on,  approving  the  boast  of  the  mother. 

Then  lleel  as  the  feet  of  a  fawn  to  her  lodge  ran  the  dark-eyed  W  inonn. 

She  brought  and  she  slalvcd  on  the  lawn,  by  the  siile  of  the  robe  of  the  bo.isler. 

The  lily-ied  mantle  l)ul,uth,  with  his  own  hand-.  li;id  laid  on  her  shoulders. 

"Tamdf'ika  is  swift,  but  forsooth,  the  tongue  of  his  mother  is  >wifter," 

She  said,  and  her  face  was  allame  with  the  red  <jf  the  i/)se  aii<l  the  lily. 

And  loud  was  the  roar  of  acclaim;  but  dark  was  the  face  of  Tamdi'ika. 


,\  tMNorite  lin.i^i  (if  ili.j  I  y.iknta  l.r.iNcs. 
;. Mil  Mil  i:i|ui\. (lull  1  111  <  )liii !  --.Mi.i !  -  f'iul>;c' 


t  I  li'j  u  iiicl 
illiirr.i  tliLTL- ' 


'/■ 


UJXO.VA. 


C7 


Tlicy  slii|)  fortlif  ia<  e  aixl  i.iTi)an',— Dul.iilli  in  his  Inccclics  and  le<;t;ins; 

And  the  Ijn.wn,  curliiij;  locks  of  Iii.  hair  downward  (hoop  to  liis  hare,  hiawny  shoulder^, 

And  his  hice  wears  a  smile  del»)nair,  as  he  ti<,diten^  Iiis  red  sash  around  him; 

Hut  strii)ped  to  the  moccasins  I)are,  save  the  l)elt  ait.l  the  breech-clout  of  i)uckskin, 

Stands  the  hau.!,diiy   lanid.'.ka  aware  tl)at  the  eyes  of  llie  warriors  admire  liim; 

For  liis  amis  are  the  arms  of  a  hear  and  his  legs  are  the  lej^'s  <if  a  paiUiier. 

The  drum  beats,— the  chief  waves  the  )la.<,%  and  away  on  the  course  speed  tlie  runners, 

And  away  leads  the  brave  like  a  stag,— like  a  hound  on  his  track  Hies  the  Frenchman; 

And  away  haste  tiie  hunters,  once  more,  to  the  hills  for  a  view  to  the  lake-side. 

And  the  <lark-swarming  hill-tops,  they  roar  with  the  storm  of  loud  voices  commingled. 

Far  away  o'er  the  |)rairie  they  fly,  and  still  in  the  lead  is  Tanuhika, 

But  the  feet  of  his  rival  arc  nigh,  and  slowly  he  gains  on  the  hunter. 

Now  they  turn  on  the  post  at  the  lake,— now  they  run  full  abreast  on  the  home-stretch; 

Side  by  side  they  contend  for  the  stake,  r  y  a  long  mile  or  more  (m  the  prairie. 

They  strain  like  a  stag  and  a  hound,  when  the  swift-river  gleams  through  the  thicket. 

And  the  horns  of  the  riders  rescmnd,  winding  shrill  through  the  depths  of  the  forest. 

Itut  behold!— at  full  length  on  the  ground  falls  the  tleet-footed  I'lenchman  abruptly, 

And  away  with  a  whoop  an.l  a  bound,  spiinjrs  the  eager,  exulting  Tannh'.ka. 

Long  and  loud  on  the  hills  is  the  sh.iul  of  his  swarthy  admirers  and  backers; 

"But  the  race  is  not  won  till  it  "s  out,"  said  Dul.uth,  to  himself  as  he  gathered. 

With  a  frown  on  his  face,  for  the  ("oot  of  the  wily  Tamd-ika  had  tripped  him. 

Far  ahead  ran  the  brave  on  the  route,  and  turning  he  boasted  e.xultant. 

Like  spurs  to  the  steed  to  DuLuth  were  the  jeers  and  the  taunts  of  the  boaster; 

Indignant  was  he  and  red  wroth,  at  the  trick  of  the  runner  dishonest; 

And  away  like  a  whirlwind  he  speeds— like  a  hurricane  mad  fnjm  the  mountains; 

He  gains  on  Tamdi.ka,— he  leads!— and  behold,  with  the  spring  of  a  panther. 

He  leaps  to  the  goal  and  succeeds,  'mid  the  roar  of  the  ma<l  acclamation. 

Then  glail  as  the  robin  in  May  was  flu-  voice  of  Winona  exulting; 
And  the  crest-fallen  brave  turned  away,  and  lonely  he  walked  by  the  river; 
He  glowered  as  lie  went  and  the  hre  of  revenge  in  his  b.isom  was  kin.lled. 
Hut  he  strove  to  dissemble  his  ire,  and  he  whistled  alone  by  the  Ha-ha. 


i 


»ij 


»;s 


ll'/XO.WI. 


iHi:  "WAKAN  wackim;!:.'  ok  sa(:ri:i)  danck/' 

l,()  llii-  lights  ill  llic  "  rc'i'|i(i.'  Wiikanl"  'tis  the  iiij^ht'of  ilie  Wnkan- \Vait'))ec'. 
Kouiid  ami  louiiil  walks  tlu'  cliicf  nf  the  clan,  as  he  rattles  the  satreil  'I'a-slia-kay;"' 
Loii^  and  Iduil  on  llie  ( 'liiui-rlic-j;a-'  heat  llie  iliuniini-rs  w  itii  ma^iiai  (iiiinis'  iik.s, 
Aiul  the  notes  of  the  Clio-tanka'"'  ti'"*-"*-"'.  I'ko  llie  murnnir  of  winds  on  the  waters, 
liy  the  Irietioii  of  white-cedar  wood  for  the  Keast  was  a  \  irgin-fire'-"  kindled. 
They  that  enter  the  fiiin  hrolherhood  fn>t  must  fast  and  he  cleansed  hy  I'l-nee-pee;"' 
And  from  foot-sole  to  crown  of  the  head  nui-t  they  paint  with  the  favorite  colors; 
l'"or  Unkh'hee  likt;s  hamls  of  hlood-red,  with  the  stripings  of  blue  inlerininijled. 
In  the  h(dlow  earth,  dark  and  profound,  L'nktehee  and  liery  Wakiii-yan 
1-oiig  fought  and  the  terrihle  >ound  of  the  hattle  was  louder  than  thunder; 
The  nunintalns  were  heaved  and  around  were  scattered  the  hills  and  the  houlders. 
And  the  vast  solid  ])lnins  of  the  ground  rose  and  fell  like  the  waves  of  the  ocean. 
Hut  the  god  of  the  w-aler^  prevailed.      Wakin-yan  escaped  from  the  cavern, 
And  long  on  the  mountains  he  wailed,  and  his  haired  endureth  forever. 


When   Unkteheehad  finished  the  earth,  and  the  beasts  and  the  birds  and  the  fishes, 

,'\nd  men  at  liis  bidding  came  forth  from  the  heart  of  the  huge  iiollow  mountains''" 

A  band  chose  the  god  from  the  hordes,  and  he  said:    "\'e  are  sons  o(  Inktehee: 

V'e  are  lords  of  the  beasts  and  the  birds,  and  the  fishes  that  swim  in  the  waters. 

lUit  hearken  ye  now  to  my  words. -let  them  sound  in  your  bosoms  forever: 

N'e  shall  honor  riikti'Iiee  and  hale  Wakinyan,  tlie  Si)irit  of  'Ihunder, 

i'or  the  ]iower  of  rntehee  is  great,  ami  !ie  laughs  at  the  darts  of  Wakinyan. 

\'e  shall  honor  the  l'"arlli  ami  the  .'sun, — for  they  are  ycuir  father  and  mother;"" 

I.el  your  jirayer  to  the  .Sun  be: — //'i;/fv///,  .-//<•'.•  on-si-nid-i/ii  o/ii-i'-iit'c.''''* 

And  remember  the  T:'iku  Wak.an," ■  all-pervading  in  earth  and  in  ether — 

Invisible  ever  to  man,  but  l.e  dwells  in  llie  midst  of  all  matter; 

\'ea,  he  dwells  in  the  heart  of  the  stone — in  the  lir^-d  granite  heart  of  the  i)oulder; 

\'e  shall  call  liim  forever   Tunkiin- — grandfather  of  ;.'l  the  J)akol:is. 

N'e  are  men  that  I  choose  for  my  own;  ye  shall  be  as  a  strong  liaiid  of  brothers, 

\ow  I  give  you  the  magical  bone  and  the  magical  pouch  of  the  spirits. f 

.And  these  are  the  laws  yc  shall  heeil:     \'e  shall  honor  the  jiouch  and  the  giver. 


'"Sacred  Spirit!   Falliui'  Ikim;  pity  mi  iiic  .iKvays." 
tRi^'    ■■'  Tahkiio  Waliaii,  ii.  c/i. 


V'e  shall  walk  as  twin-brolliers;  in  need,  on,-  ^h.ill  forfeit  his  life  fur  another. 
Listen  not  to  the  v.jice  of  the  crow.*      Hold  a-,  sacred  the  wife  of  a  lirotlier. 
Strike,  and  fear  not  the  ^hafl  of  (lie  foe,  for  the  soni  of  the  i)rave  i^  innnorlul. 
Slay  the  warrior  in  hattle,  hut  sj.are  the  innocent  babe  and  llie  mother. 
Rcmeiniier  a  i)roniise;--i)eware,— let  the  word  of  warrior  be  sacred. 
When  a  stranger  arrives  at  tlic  tec     be  he  a  frienil  of  the  l)and  or  foeiuan, 
(live  iiini  food;  let  yonr  bouiily  be  free;   hiy  a  robe  for  tlie  ;;iic^t  by  the  lijdyelire: 
Let  him  <^>j  to  his  kindred  in  peace,  if  the  peace-piiie  lie  smoke  in  the  teejiee; 
And  so  shall  your  children  increase,  and  your  lodj^rgs  shall  laugh  with  abundance. 
And  long  shall  ye  live  in  the  land,  and  the  sjiirits  of  earth  and  the  waters 
Shall  come  to  your  aid,  at  connnand,  with  the  power  of  invisible  magic. 
And  at  last,  when  you  journey  afar— o'er  the  shining  ''  liuj/,/i^w  Tit-duhi-kii,''  '"> 
\<)u  shall  walk  as  a  red,  shining  -^tar,'"  in  the  land  of  peri)etual  sunmier." 

All  the  night  in  the  teepee  they  sang,  and  they  danced  to  the  mighty  liikt('hee, 
While  the  loud-braying  Chan-che-ga  rang  and  the  shrill-piping  lUite  and  the  rattle 
Till  Anpetuwee'"  rose  in  the  east— from  the  couch  of  the  blushing  Han-nan-na,     ■ 
And  thus  at  the  dance  and  the  feast  sang  thesonsof  Lnktehee  in  chorus: 

"Wa-di'i-ta  o-hna  mi-ka-ge! 
Wa-du-ta  o-hn:'i  mi-k;i-gel 
.Mini-yala  ite  wakande  makii. 
Ate  wakan — Tunkansidan, 

Tunkfuisidan  pejihi'ila  wakan 
.\1  icagc — he  Wicage  1 
.Miniyata  itt'  wakande  maki'i. 
Taukausidan  ite,  nape  ih'iwin-la  woo, 
Waluilopa  wan  yi'iha,   n;ii)i-  du-win-ta  too." 

TKANSLA  r|()\. 

In  red  swan-down  lie  made  il  for  me; 
In  red  swan-down  he  made  it  for  me; 
lie  of  the  water — he  of  tlie  my^lcriou>  face  •- 

(iave  il  to  me; 
Sacreil  Father — (Jrandfather I 


»)9 


"Sl.Tiukr. 


u'//yojVA. 


fiiainKatlier  made  mo  iiia{;ic;il  ni('<Iirine: 

Tliat  is  triiL'I 
liciny  of  mysti-ry, — ^luwii  in  tin;  water — 

I  le  i;:iM'  it  to  iiicl 
To  tlie  fail'  of  <uir  (iramlfallier  strelili  out  \inir  liaini; 
lloliling  a  iiiiadnipeil,  slretrli  niii  yoin  liandl 

Till  hijjh  o'er  tlie  liills  of  tlie  east  Anpi'tuwee  walked  on  ids  joinney. 

In  bi'iret  tliey  daiued  at  the  I'lM'-t,  and  eoMinunie<l  wilii  the  ndi^hty  I  nkteliee. 

'I'hen  opened  the  door  of  tlie  tee  to  the  e_\ es  of  the  day  and  the  ]ieople. 

And  the  sons  of  I'nktehee,  to  l)e,  were  endowe<l  with  the  saereil  ( )/'riha,'''- 

lly  (he  son  of  tall  Wa/i-knte,  'I'anidnka,  the  ehief  of  the  Magi. 

And  thus  sinee  the  l)irlhday  of  man — since  he  sjirany;  from  the  heart  of  the  mountains, ''•' 

I  la-,  the  saered  "Waet'iiee  Wakan"  l)y  the  warlike  Dakolas  been  honored. 

And  the  god-favored  sons  of  the  elan  work  their  will  with  the  help  i^i  the  spirits. 

'Tuas  sunrise;  the  spirits  of  mist  trailed  tiieir  white  rohes  on  dewy  savannas, 
And  the  flowers  raised  their  heads  to  l)e  kissed  hv  the  tirst  golden  heanis  of  the  morning. 
The  hri'e/e  was  abroad  witli  the  lirealh  ol   the  rose  (if  the  Isles  of  the  .Sunnuer, 
And  the  humming-bird  lunnmed  on  tlie  heath  from  his  home  in  the  land  of  the  rain-l)ow.* 
''i'was  the  niori!  ot  departure.      Dul.uth  stood  alone  by  the  r(jar  of  the  Ila-ha  ; 
'{"all  and  fair  in  ihe  strength  of  hisyoutli  stood  the  i)lue-eyed  and  fiir-bi'arded  I'lenehnian. 
.\  rustle  of  robes  on  the  grass  broke  his  dreani  as  lie  inuscil  by  the  waters, 
AikI,  turning,  he  looked  on  the  face  of  Winona,  wild  rose  of  the  prairies. 
Half  hid  in  her  forest  of  hair,  like  the  round,  golden  moon  in  the  i)ine-tops. 
Admiring  he  ga/ed  -  she  was  fair  as  his  own  blooming  Flore  in  lier  onhards. 
With  her  golden  locks  loose  on  the  air,  like  the  gleam  of  the  .sun  llnoiigli  the  oli\es, 
Far  awav  on  the  vine-covered  shore,  in  the  sun-favored  land  of  his  fathers. 
"Lists  the  chief  t"  the  cataract's  roar  Un  the  mournful  lament  of  ihe  Spiril?"t 
Said  Winona, — "The  wail  of  the  sprite,  for  her  babe  and  its  father  unfaithful. 
Is  heard  in  the  midst  of  the  night,  when  the  moon  wanders  dim  in  the  heavens." 

"  Wild-Kose  of  the  Trairies,"  he  said,  "Dul.uth  listens  not  to  the  Ha-ha, 

F'or  the  wail  of  the  ghost  of  the  dead,  for  her  babe  and  its  father  unfaithful ; 

Hut  he  lists  to  a  voice  in  his  heart  that  is  heard  by  the  ear  of  no  other. 

And  to-tlay  will  the  Wliitt'  Chief  depart — he  returns  to  tlie  land  of  the  sunrise." 


'I'lif  I  taknlLis  say  lln'  luiiiiiniii!;  liiid  cmin-s  fi.im  llu-  "  land  cif  lla-  niiii- 
tScc  Legend  (if  llie  halls,  or  Nnic  s8— Appciuliv 


II7X().\.I. 


71 


"■|.el   WiiiuiKi  (li.'|i;irl  svitli  llie  iliii-f.      slic  will  kiinllc  tin;  liri'  in  hi^  ti-cpcf  ; 

I'll!  iiiiij;  aiL-  tin:  days  nf  lici  .l;i  iff,  if  ^lu'  Aay  in  llif  Ice  dI     ra-|(-|i^in,"' 

Slie  ri'pliLHl.  ami  lici  cliuck^  wcic  allaini'  witli  tlio  i)li)uMi  of  iho  wiM  piaiiii;  lilies. 

"'I'aiikt',*  is  the  While  Chief  Id  blame:-'"  .-.aid  Dulailh  tn  the  lilu^hini;  Winona. 

"The  White  Chief  is  hlamelcss,"  she  said,  "hut  the  heart  nf  Wimina  will  follow 

Wherever  t?iy  footsteps  may  lead,  ()  hhie-eyed  luave  (  liief  of  the  while  men. 

Vny  her  mother  sleeps  long  in  the  mound,  and  a  step-mother  rides  in  the  teepee, 

.\nd  her  father,  onee  stroni;  and  renowned,  is  hent  with  the  weiijhl  of  his  winler.s. 

No  l()ii};er  he  handles  the  .sjiear,   -no  lonijer  his  swift,  humming;  arrows 

Overtake  the  lleet  feet  of  the  deer,  or  the  hear  of  the  woocK,  or  the  lii>un  ; 

lint  lie  bends  as  he  walks,  and  the  wind  shake-,  his  white  hair  and  hinders  his   foot^lei)^  ; 

.\iul  soon  will  he  leave  me  behind,  without  brother  or  sister  or  kindriMl. 

The  (hie  .seents  the  wolf  in  the  wind,  and  a  wolf  walks  the  ]iath  of  Winon.\. 

Three  times  have  llie  ^ifts  fur  tiie  bride'-'  to  the  iod;;e  of  Ta-tt'-psin  been  eairied, 

i'lUt  the  voiee  of  Winona  replied  that  she  liked  not  tlie  hauj^hty   Tamdok.i. 

And  thrici-  were  the  i;ifts  sent  away,  iiut  the  toUL^ue  of  the  mother  protested, 

And  the  were-wolf '-  still  follows  his  prey,  and  abides  but  the  de.ith  ol   my  father." 

"I  pity  Winona,"  he  said,  "l)Ut  my  jkuIi  is  a  patliway  of  daii!.;er, 

.\nd  loni;  is  the  trail  lor  the  maid  to  the  far-away  land  of  the  sumise  ; 

.\nd  few  are  the  braves  of  inv  band,  and  the  braves  of  Tamdoka  are  many  ; 

liUt  soon  I  return  to  the  land,  and  a  eloud  of  my  hunter^  will  follow. 

When  the  eoM  winds  of  winter  return,  and  to>,  thr  while  robes  of  llie  jir.iiries, 

The  fire  of  the  White  Chief  will  burn  in  his  Iodide  at  the   Meet  ini^-of- Waters  ;t 

.\nd  wlien  from  the  .Sunrise  JLjain  eomes  the  eliief  of  the  suns  of  the   Morning;, 

Many  moons  will  his  hnnlers  remain  in  the  land  of  the  friendly  i>akot.>s. 

'I'he  son  of  Chief  Wa/i-Kute  j^ui<les  ihe  While  ('hief   '.far  oit  his  |ouiiiey  ; 

Xor  Ion;,'  on  tlie  'i'onka  Medi  .|     on  the  biea^i  o|   tlie  blue,  boundiu!^'  billows — 

Shall  the  bark  of  the  i''reneliman  del.i)',  but  his  pathway  shall  kindle  behind  him." 

.She  was  pale,  and  her  hurried  \oiee  swelled  with  alarm  .is  she  i|uesii(uied  replying;    - 
"Tannloka  thy  j;;uiile?—  I  beheld  thy  death  in  his  faee,  at  the  r.ues  I 

"My  Sister. 

tMciiiliiM  |iin|iii!y  I///.' /»•  11111111114  ilii-  .lilt  Ifi  .if  .1  j.iki-  .ir  ruei  iiiM  .imhIIhv,  ■  mumiimhIv  .ip 
plied  (11  llie  rcL;i.iM  :i1hiu1  I'mt  Siielliii;,;. 

tl'iiiik;!  Meile  lire;!!  I.;il<e,  i.  (.'.  I. .ike  Supeimr  The  I  l.ilsnt.is  seem  m  li.ive  ImcI  iiuniliei  11. line  for  it. 
riiev  );eiier.illy  refeiieil  to  it  as  Mini  Vit  f^i  ~  llnrc  at  tki'  -.luitrr. 


,1     'If 


71' 


U/A'OA.I. 


lie  (.overs  liis  heart  with  a  smile,  but  revenue  never  sleeps  in  his  liusom  ; 
Mis  tnii^m-     it  is  soft  to  hejjtiili' ;  \n\\  licware  of  llie  pur  of  the  panther  I 
l-'or  (lenlh.  iil^f  a  shadow,  will  walk  hy  ihy  side  in  the  midst  of  the  forest, 
Or  follow  thy  path  like  a  hawk  on  the  trail  of  a  woinided  Mastinta.* 
A  son  of  rnkt(''hee  is  he, --the  Chief  <if  the  irafty  magicians; 
They  have  plotted  thy  death  ;   I  foresee,  and  thy  trail,  it  is  red  in  the  forest  ; 
Beware  of  Tamdoka, — beware.     Siundier  not  like  the  jjrouse  of  the  woodland-. 
With  head  under  wini;,  for  the  ylare  of  the  eyes  that  slee]!  not  are  upon  thee." 


"Winona,  fear  not."  said  Dululh,  "for  1  larry  the  fne  of  Wakinyan,t 

And  strong  is  the  arm  of  my  youth,  and  stmit  are  the  liearls  of  my  warriors; 

lint  Winona  has  spoken  the  truth,  and  the  heart  of  the  White  Chief  is  thankful. 

Hide  (his  in  thy  bosom,  dear  maid,— 'tis  the  erucified  Christ  of  the  while  nien.| 

Lift  thy  voiee  to  his  spirit  in  need,  and  his  spirit  will  hear  thee  and  au-.wer  ; 

For  often  he  eomes  to  my  aid;  he  is  strou_i;er  than  all  the  Dakotas; 

And  the  S|)irits  of  evil,  afraid,  hide  away  when  he  looks  from  the  heavens." 

In  her  swellinj.;,  brown  bosom  she  hid  the  erueified  Jesus  in  silver; 

" Wiw;iste,">5  she  sadly  replied;  in  her  low  voiee  the  risini^  tears  trembled; 

ller  dewy  eyes  turned  she  aside,  and  she  slowly  returned  to  the  teepees. 

Hut  still  on  the  swift  river's  strand,  admiriny;  the  graeeful  Winona, 

As  she  gathered,  with  brown,  dim])led  hand,  her  hair  from  the  wind,  stood  the  Krenehman. 

To  bid  the  brave  While  (hief  adieu,  on  the  shady  shoie  gathered  the  vvairior,-; 
His  glad  boatmen  manned  the  eanoe,  and  the  oais  in  tln.'ir  hands  were  inipaiieiil. 
.Spake  the  Chief  of  Isiintees,-   ".\  feast  will  await  the  return  of  my  brother 
In  peace  rose  the  sun  in  the  I'^ast,  in  peace  in  the  West  he  deseemled. 
May  the  feet  of  my  brother  be  swift,  till  they  bring  him  again  to  our  teepees; 
The  re<l  pijie  he  takes  as  a  gift,  nuiy  he  smoke  that  reil  pipe  many  winters. 
.\l  my  lodge-fire  his  pijie  shall  be  lit,  when  the  While  Chief  returns  to  Kalhaga; 
On  the  robes  of  my  tee  shall  he  sit ;  he  shall  smoke  with  the  chiefs  of  my  i)e()ple. 
The  brave  love  the  Inave;  and  his  son  sends  the  Chief  as  a  guide  for  his  brother, 
Hy  the  way  of  the  Wak])a  WakanJ  to  the  Chief  at  the  Lake  of  the  Sjiirits. 


riio  raliliil.     Thi;  Dakotiis  ciilled  the  C'rccs  "Mastincapi" — Ralibils. 
tb  c.  a  fire-arm,  whii'li    the  Hakutas  cumparc  to  the  roar  of   the  wings  of   the  I  hiiiulei -hird    and   the 
fiery  arrows  he  shoots.' 

{Put. nth  was  a  devoiil  Catholic.  SNte-wahsluay — 'IhiMi  art  good 

liSpirit-River,  now  tailed  /Ci<»'  River, 


II  /.vo.y.i. 


7.1 


A-i  Iij;hl  as  the  loot-^icps  nf  ilftwn  arc  IIh-  Icel  (if  tlic  sicallliv  'l"aiiii|.ik,i. 

And  he  fcMis  not  die  Ma/ii  Wakan;*   he  i.,  ^ly  a^  llie  fi>\  ul  ihe  l.mM. 

When  he  dames  the  danee  Kt(  red  war  all  the  hunL;iy  woKc,  IkiwI  l.y  ihe  lUj,  Sea.t 

I'ni  iliey  ^eeiit  on  the  >niiili-\vind  afar  iheir  fea^t  on  the  lioiies  of  ,.|  (  ijihwav^." 

Thiii-e  t!ie  Chief  putlfeil  the  red  lupe  of  peace,  ere  it  jias-ed  to  the  lip,  of  the  I'lenehnian. 

Spake  Diilailh,      ".May   the  (oea!  Spirit  hle^',  witli  ai.uiidanee  ilu  Chief  and  hi^  peojile; 

.May  their  M>n-;  and  their  daui^dilerN  iiu  lease,  and  the  tire  ever  l.urn  in  iheir  tci^pees. " 

Then  he  waved  wiih  a  llai;  his  adieu  to  ilie  Chief  and  ihe  w.irrior.  a>-enil,Ied; 
.\iid  away  shot    Tanidid^a's  eanoe  to  the  .strokes  of  ten  sinewy  liunters; 
And  a  while  path  lie  ilove  np  lliehhie,  hiilihliiij;  sneain  of  {hr  >\\  ifi  Mi^M^sippi; 
.\nd  away  on  ids  foainin-  trail  Hew.  like  a  sea-^ull,  ihe  liark  of  tlie  !•  leiRlinian. 

I  hen  nerrily  losf  the  blithe  soni;  of  the  /vm',/-,//; m  h.omeward  letnrninL;. 
.\ii'l  tluis.  as  ihey  glided  aloiiy,  saiii;  the  hu-le-N  oiced  l)oalnieii  in  chorii^: 


S()\( ;. 


Home  ai^ain  !     hoinea-ain:     hend  to  the  oar  1 

.Merry  is  the  life  of  ihe  L;ay  rvif./;,'--///-. 

He  rides  on  the  river  with  his  paddle  in  his  hand, 

\\u\  his  lioai  is  his  >lieller  on  the  water  and  the  land. 

The  elain  has  his  shell  and  the  water-turtle  t'lo, 

And  the  luave  hoatinan's  -hell  is  hi-  iiireh-liark   caiioe, 

So  |>nllaway.  lioatinen;  bend  to  the  oar; 

Merry  is  the  life  (jf  the  _i;ay  7\n',ii^r/i/\ 


]] 


Meirv  is  the  life  of  tlie  <'av 


onie  again  1     home  again  !     lieixl  to  tin 


'(•)'(/■■(■///■. 


His  e(nieh  is  a-  downy  as  a  eoiieh  ean  be. 

For  he  sleeps  on  the  feathers  of  ihe  green  hi-tret 

He  dines  i.n  the  fat  of  the   peniiniean-s.-iek, 


And  his  ,-,!//  (/('  .-■/,■  is  the 


,/,■  /,/ 


So  pull  aw.iy,  boatmen:  bend  to  tl 
>Ferry  is  the  life  of  the  gay  t'i'iv/.,',///- 


le  oar; 


Home  again  I     home  again  I     bend  to  the  oar 
Merry  is  tlie  life  of  the  gay  rwyai^;///-. 


'Kirc-arm— >|>irit-iin.t.Tl. 

tL.ikf  Superior — at  lli.u  tiiiio  the  iioim.-  nt"  tlic  ()iil>\v.ivs  ((  liiiiiicuMs. 


71  IIJNOAA. 

'V\\v  bravo,  jolly  boatman,     lie  lunci  is  ,ifr;iiil 
Wlicii  lie  meets  at  llie  portn^c  a  nd,  foic^i  iii.ihI, 
A  lliii'iii,  or  a  ('roc,  or  a  liloomim;  t'lii|i|)o\\,i)  ; 
Ami  ho  marks  lii-^  li.ul  \silli  llic  Av.v  /vv/A'i. 
So  |iiill  away,  lioatmoii;   boiul  lo  tin-  oar; 
Morrv  i^  the  life  d"  tlii'  ^;ay  :\\V(ii;ciir. 
jlomoaj^aiiil     homo  ai;aiii  I     heiid  to  iho  o.ii  ! 
Merry  is  tho  life  of  tlie  yay  ^'t'Vir^i'ur. 

In   tho  roods  nl  llio  moadow  iho  slai;  lifts  his  liranchy  lioad  ^tiloly  .nid  li-leiu. 
And  tile  imliolink,  iioroiied  on  thi;  llag,  hor  oar  sidolimv;  bonds  to  tho  (  hoiu-. 
From  the  brow  of  the  IJeautifnl  Isle,*  half  hid  in  the  mi<lsl  of  iho  inaplr,. 
'l"ho  sad-faced  Winona,  tho  wiiilo,  walolu'il  tho  boat  L;rowin_i;  Ic^^  in  tho  di^i.imo. 
Till  away  in  the  iiend  of  stri'am,  whoro  it  turned  and  \\a>  lost  ni  liio  lindcn>. 
She  saw  llio  last  dip  and  tlie  ^loam  of  the  oars  ero  thoy  vanishoil  foicvei'. 
Si  ill  afar  on  tho  wati'rs  tho  soni;,  like  lirida!  IkH^  dislanl!)'  i  hiinim;, 
'Iho  ^toui,  jolly  boatmou  prolong;,  beatins^  limo  with  the  -.trokt-  nf  their  ]iadd!i->'; 
And  Winona's  ear,  liirnod  to  iho  iiroo/e,  lists  tho  air  falbiiL;  fainlor  and  fainior. 
Till  it  ilios  like  tho  murmur  of  bi'os  wlion  tho  sun  is  aslant  on  iho  moailows. 
liiow,  bree/es,  -  blow  softly  and  sini;  in  ilu'claik,  llowint;  hair  uf  iho  maiiion; 
liul   never  again  shall  yi>n  bring  tho  Ncioe  thai  she  loves  to  Winona. 

Now  a  light,  rusllini;  wind  from  iho  Suiith  shakos  his  wingsn'or  tho  wi(|o.\\  implnii;  water- 

l'])  tho  dark-winding  rivoi   l>ul,uth  follows  fast  in  liio  wake  of  Tam<l  ika. 

( )n  tho  slopes  of  the  emerald  shores  leafy  woodlands  and   prairies  allornatc; 

<  )n  tho  vine-tangled  islands  the  llowers  jieop  timidly  nut  al  the  white  men; 

In  iho  dark-winding  eddy  the  loon  sits  warily  watching  and  voiceless. 

And  iho  wild-goiise,'in  roody  lagoon,  stills  tho  praltlo  ainl  play  of  hor  (  luldrcn. 

Tlie  does  and  ihoir  sleek,  da])pled  fawns  prick  their  oars  and  poor  mil  fiom  the  thickets 

And  tho  i)ison-calvos  play  on  the  lawns,  and  gambol  liki'  colls  in  tlio  clo\or. 

l'])  ihe  still-llow  iiig  Wakpa  W'ahan's  winding  path  throngli  tho  groves  and  the  meadow  - 

Xow  J'^uLiUh's  l)rawny  boatmen  pursue  the  swift-gliding  bark  of  Tamdoka  ; 

And  hardlv  the  retl  braves  out-do  the  stout,  steadv  oars  of  the  white  men. 


Now  thev  liond  to  iheir  oar 


tho  race   -the  ten  tawnv  braves  of  Tamdok 


And  hard  on  their  heels  in  tlio  chase  i)ly  the  six  stalwart  oars  of  the  Frenchmoi 


Wisla  Waste— Nicollet  Islaiul. 


11  /XO.V.I. 


75 


Iter-; 


■ket> 


III  the  stern  of  lii^  boat  sits  |)iiJ,iill)  ;  in  tin-  •^tt 


if  liis  lin.-vt  slaiuls  Tamdoka 


And  warily,  cliciTily,  liotli  iiryc  the  nar-i  ol   tlicir  iiieii  tn  llic  utiiM)-,l. 


K;ir-sit  etching  awav  tn  tlu-  <\i 


<li 


tlu 


(lit  of  the  iiicadnw- 


^•^,  wiiuiiii^  Miu-  in  tile  mil 
As  a  iierklet  <>f  sapphires  that  lie-,  uiu  las])t  in  the  lap  nf  a  virgin. 
Mere  asleep  in  the  lap  of  ihr  plain  lie^  the  reedlM.idered,  lieautifiil  rivei. 
J-ike  t\vJ>  living  e()»r^er->  that  >liaiii.  on  the  track,  neck  ami  neck,  on  the  lioiiK'-slieti.h 
With  nostrils  di-lended,  and  mane  fioth-llccked,  and  the  neck  and  the  shi)iilder>, 
Kaeh  ur^e'i  to  hi^  best  by  tiie  cry  and  the  whip  and  the  rem  •>(  Ids  rider, 

'er  the  watei  ^  and  lly,  side  by  side,  neck  and  neck,  ihrotii^h  the  meadows 


th 


cv 


The  blue  heron  tlaps  from  the  reed>,  and  away  \\iii}^>  her  course  iiji  the  riser  ; 
Straijjlit  and  ^wift  i-.  her  tlight  o'er  the  meads,  but  she  hardly  outslrijis  the  canoemen 
See  I  the  Tvvii\''i"'s  bend  to  their  oars  till  the  blin.-  veins  swell  out  on  their  foreheads 
And  the  sweat  from  their  brawny  breasts  |)ours ;  but  in  vain  their  Herculean  laljor ; 
l-'orthe  oars  of  ']"amdoka  are  ten,  and  but  six  are  the  oars  of  the  I'Vcnchmen, 


And  the  red  warrior- 


dc 


.f 


untcii  ol   iiu'n  In  mu 


tched  bv  the  7;<Viii'ciir\-  \\\''\in. 


g^-' 


Side  by  >ide,  neck  and  neck,  for  a  mile,  still  they  strain  their  stronj^  arms  to  the  iilmosl, 
Till  roundii);4  a  willowy  isle,  now  ahead  ireep-  the  boat  of  'I'amdoka, 
And  the  neighboring  forests  profound,  and  the  far->tretchin;4  |ilain  of  the  meadows 
'J'o  the  whoop  (if  tlie  \ictors  resound,  while  the  panting  French  re-t  on  their  padillc^. 

With  sable  wings  wide  o'er  the  land,  night  sprinkle^  the  dew  of  the  heaseii-  ; 


Ami  hard  liv  the  dark  riser" 


slraiul,  III 


the 


-t  of  a  tall,  s 


oinhei 


f. 


rest. 


Two  camp-fires  are  lighted,  and  beam  on  the  trunks  and  the  arms  of  the  }iine  trees 
111  the  litful  light  darkle  and  gleam  the  swarthyduied  faces  around  them. 
And  one  is  the  cam|)  of  DuLuth,  and  the  other  the  camp  of  Tamdoka, 


Hut  few  are  the  jests  and  uncouth  of  the  rviv/'V/zyr  over  their 


iUpjH 


While  iiioodv  and  silent  the  braves  round  tiieir  tire  in  a  circle  sit  ciouchin'' 


Aiul  low  is  the  \shi- 


-f  lea 


\  es  aiK 


I  tl 


u-  sdu 


jh  of  the  wind  in  the  branciics 


And  low  is  the  long-winding  liow!  of  the  loiio  \uilf  af.ir  in  the  forest  ; 
Hut  shrill  is  the  hoot  of  the  owl,  like  a  bugle-blast  blown  in  the  ]iiiu'-tops. 
And  the  hall-startled  ^'ovdi^eiirs  .sci>wl  at  the  sadden  and  saucy  intruder. 
Like  the  eyes  of  the  wolves  are  the  e_\es  of  the  watchful  and  silent  Dakotas; 
Like  the  face  of  the  moon  in  the  skies,  when  tlu:  clouds  chase  each  other  across  it. 
Is  Tamdi'ika's  dark  face  in  the  light  of  the  tliikcring  tiames  of  tlie  caiiip-iire. 
They  have  ])lotled  re<l  murder  by  night,  and  securely  contemplate  their  victims. 
But  wary  and  armed  to  the  teeth  are  the  resolute  Frenchmen  and  ready, 


ii; 


7<'. 


II7.V().\.I. 


ir  ilci'il  be,  l((  K''M'I''''  "ill'  iIiMlli,  ami  Id  dii-  liaml  In  IkuhI  in  llu'  iIi'-,itI. 

\'i't  skilldl  in  till-  .III '  ,\\\i\  lln'  uilr-,  (if  llu-  (  nniiiui;  :iiiil  i  I'.illy  .\lL;i'nkin^, 

'riuN  ii>\iT  ilu'ii  licait-'  wiili  llii'ir  ^mill•s,  and  hide  llicir  •.iis]iiii(in^  nl  csil. 

Ktiuiid  lliuir  luw.  sniuiildiTin^;  liii',  rcii^iiinj,'  sloi'p,  !ii'  llic  wiitrlihd  and  wily  I  >.ikiiin>; 

l'>\it  Diil.ulli  and  Ills  TDViti^rurs  Iicaji  llitMi  (iii-  that  shall  l)la/i'  till  the  nininiiii,', 

r.ie  lhi'\'   la\  tlK'insi'l\(-'s  ^mi^ly  lo  rc^l,  with  tlkir  !;nn-.  liy  their  -ido  on  I  hi'  lilaiikcl-', 

As  if  iIrtc  well'  ni)ne  to  nndosi  liiil  tin'  lascninn  ln'a>t-.  ><\  the  fnii-l. 

"Pis  niidnij,'!)!.       I'Ik'  li^ini;  nicon  ^Icanis,  weird  ami  still  o'er  tin'  dn-.k\  hmi/iin; 

'riiidiinh  the  Inisluil,  sundiLM-  forest  she  Ihmius,  aiulliirully  t;l"ains  on  the  meadows; 

And  a  dim,  i^limmiTint;^  |)athwa)  she  pases,  at  times,  on  the  ilark  strel(  h  ol  riser. 

The  winds  ar<'  .isleep  in  the  eaves-    in  the  licarl  of  the  fai-avvay  nio\ml.iins; 

And  hcie  on  the  meadows  and  there,  the  la/y  mists  leather  and  hover; 

And  the  lij^hts  of  the  l''en-S|>iiits'-   I  la  re  and  d.inie  on  the  low  1\  in;^'  niaishe^. 

As  still  as  the  footsie|is  of  death  hy  the  l>ed  ol  llie  h.dx'  .ind  ilsnioihei; 

And  hushed  aie  lln'  |)ines,  and  beneath  lie  the  w  ear)'  lindu'd  bo.iimcii  in   slumber. 

Walk  softly,  -  walk  softly,  (  )   .Moon,  throui;li  the  L;iMy,  broken  (.londs  in  ihy   |ialliway. 

I'or  ihei'aith  lies  asU'eji,  .ind  the  boon  of  repose  is  bestowed  on  tin.'  wears. 

'I'oilinL;  hands  h.ise  forgotten  their  eare;    e'l'ii  thi'  brooks  h.uc  bu'i^ollen  lo  nununu'; 

i')Ul  harlv  I     there's  a  sound  on  I  he  air  I     'lis  the  lij^dil -lUsi  Ijni;'  robes  of  I  he  ."spirits, 

Like  the  breath  of  the  nii^hl   in  I  hi'  leases,  or  the  nnuninr  of  reeds  mi  the  i  iv  er. 

In  the  I'ool  of  the  mid-suininei  I'ses,  wlu'ii  the  bla/e  of  1  he  ilay  h.is  ilescended. 

I  .ow -( rouehiui;  and  slui<lossy  fiU'ins,  as  si  ill  as  the  l'.ims   inorniii'^'s  I'noNtcp-., 

( 'reep  sly  as  the  ser]ient  that  eharms,  on  hei'  nesi  in  the  meadoss,  the  ploser; 

In  the  shadoss's  of  pine-lrunks  thes  ereep,  but  their  panther-eyes  L;le,iin  in  the  iiredii^ht. 

As  tlii'V  peer  lai  tiie  s\hiti'-men  aslcej),  in  the  l;1o\\  of  tin-  lire,  lUi  llieir  bl.mkets. 

I.o,  in  eaeh  swarthy  riyhl-hand  a  kiiifi';   in   the  left-hand,  the  boss  and  ihe  arrows! 

I'liase  I'leiuhmen  I  assake  to  the  stiifel    -or  sou  sleep  in  the  foiost  foitsiT. 

Nay,  nearer  and  nearer  they  ylidi",  like  L;hosis  on  the  lields  of  llieii'  battles. 

Till  elose  on  the  .sleepers,  thes  bide  but  the  signal  of  death  from  Tamdnka. 

Slill  the  sleepers  slee])  on.      Not  a  breath  stirs  the  leases  of  the  assi'-suicken  forest; 

The  hushed  air  is  heass'  with  death;  like  the  fctotsleps  of  death  are  the  moments. 

"./r/.v/'.'"--Al  the  ssiird,  with  a  bound,  to  their  feet  s|irin!^  the  s  iLjilani  l-'renehmen; 

.'\nd  the  dark,  dismal  forests  resound  to  the  eraek  and  the  roar  of  their  rilles; 

And  scsen   writhiiii;  forms  on   the  L^ronml  elnteh   the   earth.      I'lmn    the    pine-lops    the 
screeeh-oss  1 


Il7.\i)  \.L 

SiTiMiu-.  ami  l1.i|i-  lii-i  vni'Ii'  \vin;4>  in  ;itriiL;lii.  ;ui'l  |iluiij^i'^  .u\.i_\  llni>ii^;li  ilir  ^Indnus; 
Ami  su  ill  nil  llir  \^in^^  >>{'  tlie  ni;^lil  llcf  llu'  'liiii,  |ili,iii|i>iirfiinii->  <<(  llu'  ^iiiiit". 
l.iUi' calnis"'  wlii'ii  svliite  wnlst-s  piiriiu',  llnl  ilir  funi-  yi't-ivmaiiiiii^  I'aknta-.; 
'I'luiiiij^li  fi)if«,l  ami  fi'M-laml  tlu-v  lU-w.  ami  \\il<l  u-irnr  liowU-d  on  their  l'(Mit>ii'|)^. 
And  mik;  \va^  Tanidi'ika.      Diilaitli  llnnn^;li  tlio  nij^lil  m'iiI  his  \<<k<-  lik.-  a   li  imipcl ; 
'•\i'  aiu-  Soii-i  lit'  Inkli'lu'i'.  fniNonili  I     Kctuin  ti>  ynin  niotlirr^,  ye  iitwanM" 
lli^^lllili  \(>i(clh<'V  lioard  a^  lliry  lU'd,  Imt  miK  ihi'tilmcs  made  an-iwcr. 
At  the  iVct  111  thf  liia\i'  I'lcni-hini'ii,  di'ad,  lay  M'vcai   -warlliy  Sim>  nf  I  nkti  licr; 
And  lIuTf,  ill  llir  midst  nC  the  slain,  tliry  I'niind.    i-.  it  ^Icaniril  in  tlir  lircdij;iit, 
'1'Ir' linin-handird  knifi'  iVinn  tlic  Sciiu-.  wIuti.'  it  li'li  \\^>\\\  the  liand  nl' 'ranidnka. 


I  111',  ii'ii-.i;  \\  M,  !■  \  \v\K\s  ci;  ■-I'll  11    i.i\iK'. 

In  ilie  ,L;i"ay  iit"ilic  morn,  cix'  the  >iin  )it'i.'i)ed  over  the  dt-uy  lioi'I/on, 
I'lieii-  journey  ai;,iin  was  bi-_Ljnn,  and  tlioy  tnilrd  up  thc-wifl,  windiiii;  river; 
And  nianv  a  shallow  thev  p.i^^i-d  on  ihrir  way  t"  llic  1  ,ake  i  if  ilir  Sjiiriis; 
r.nt  daimllr-s  they  reached  it  at   la>t,  and  fianid  Akee-p.idcee-lin^     villai^e, 
(  »n  an  i-le  in  the  miiUt  of  the  l,d^e;  and  a  dav  in  hi>  teepee  they  tarried. 


(>f  the  deed  in  the  wilderne-s  s|iake,  m  the  lira\  i- ( 'iiief.  tiie  frank  luMrled  k'reiulnnan. 
A  ijenerous  man  was  the  Chief,  and  .i   iVieiid  of  the  feaile-s  explorer; 


'Sfc  I^^,•lHlcllil(■^  .iriuuiit  nf  "A(|ul  piiiiiii'  liii,"  mill  liis  vilLige.     Slu-a's  llcniupiii,  .i. 


78 


//  /A  O.V.I. 


Aiiil  <l:iik  was  lii>  visacrc  willi  i-riof  at  tlie  liLMilicn 


ad  nf  t'^ij  war 


iiav  ( 


W; 


Km 


I-  is  a  mail,  ain.1  Iii 


iLMil  is  as  I  Icar  a' 


tlic  suii-liijlit ; 


r>ul  llif  licail  til   a  treai  lieioiis  clan,  ami  a  snake-iu-tlio-lnisli,  is  TaiiKliika, 


Sail!  the  clii 
IV  tl 


.11 


ami  lie  pii>nii 


^0(1  |)iiLiitli,  im  tile  wold  of  a  liieiul  ami  a  waiiii 


(I  laiiy  till-  pil'L-  ami  ilu'  initli  to  In--  tnusin,  ilu;  rliic 


f  al 


l'(ir  tliriic  at  lli'-   Taiika  Mcdt-  had  lie  ^iiii 


in  I  111-  li 


KathaLja; 
of  tlic  !■ 


icnilunan; 


ui'l  1  niKf 


ha.l  1 


iL'  caiiiiMl  awa\ 


IJK-  1. 


ilifiil  "itn  of  I  lie  tradci'. 


\\  lieu  the  illief 


lid  iici  loiu'cr    >rc\ail  nn  tlie  white  nieii  In  re^t  in  his  teeiiei 


He  iiuided  tlieir  feel  mi  ilu-  trail  ti>  llie  lakt's  of  t 


ir  wimlinc; 


Ri 


ee-Knoi . 


Ni)w  on  speeds  the  lij^ht  liark  eanoe,  throuijli  the  lakes  to  the  bro.id  (liuliee  Seel)ee;f 

Ami  up  the  great  river  liiey  row, — uj)tlie  I!iy  Saiidv  Lake  and  Sa\aiiiia; 

And  down  through  the  ineadnws  thev  go  to  tiie  riwi  of  broad  Gitehce  Guiiiee.* 


I'M.!. IS    (.11     TIIE    ST.     l.nl-lc 


Still  onward  tliey  >peed  to  the  Dalles — to  the  roar  of  uie  white-rolling  rapids 


\\  hi  re  the  dark  ri\er  tuudiles  and  Calls  ilown  tlie  ragged  rav 


ille 


the 


iiioinuanis. 


'Now called  "Mud   River" — il  cmptic;  iiitn  the  Mis^issipiii  at  Aitki 


H.'i'/t/tfi-  .S 
I'litchee  Seelii 
T.akc  Superi" 


-Hiji   Ki\er-  is  the  Oj 
Mi.l 


ihw.iv   11 


imo    till    the    Ml 


M^Mppi 


I  hhli 


rru|itinii 


iiian  :     a    tnrni 


itioii  i.f  iUtihi 


liW'ir 


(Ileal    Lake,    the    (  t'jiliw.iv    name   oi 


:ri 


ic   Ojil)w,i\  s  e.ill  the  .St.  I.niii^  Rlxn   iiit'  /nr  -i',  unit 


■/.lA;   A' 


the  river  uf  iho  t'.re.it  l-ake  .l.aki    .Superior). 


ir/\o\.i.  7'.t 

And  singiiiL;  lii->  wiM   jiihilcr  lo  iho  Inw-inoaiiiiiL;  |iiiif-;  nnd  tlio  I'cilnr^. 
Ku>lie>  1)11  Id  ilii"  im^iilU'il  s(_M  ip'cr  ilif  1c'i1l;c^  npluMM''!  !>>■  vuK-.iiioo-.. 
Tlieir  liigii-igL"  llic  T\'Vi/:_;,/i/-s  borr  iIdwii  the  l"ii;^,  wiii'liii;^  |i,iil)  ><(  ilir  iiiniaL;c,' 
W'liilc  tlii'v  iiiiiiL;Ii'(l  llu'ir  -^uni;  with  tlir  niar  ol    the  luihiil  anil  iurbuli;iil  wnlcrs. 
J~)i)wii-\viiiiijliiii^  and  niurniuriui;  tlicrc,  i\\i\i  iwn  ik-w)'  liill-^  wind^  a  .^iirandcl, 
Like  a  loni;,  flaxen  rini^Iot  of  liair  on  ilic  liiea.U  nl'  a  maid  in  lici  sluniixr. 

All  safe  iit  ihc  fniil  1)1"  the  trail,  where  they  left   it.  lhe\-  fiMinil  iheir  tehieca. 
And  siioii  to  tile  wind  spread  tile  Miil,  and  glided  al  ea-.e  through  the  waters, 
Througii  till'  iiieailo\\>  and  Inkelet.^  and  forth,  round  the  |ioinl  .-.trelching  ■^outh 

like  a  linger, 
l'"ioin  the  niisl-wreallien  hill  on  the  norlli.  slo|iing  down  to  the  hay  and  the  lake-^idr. 
And  behold,  al  the  foot  ol"  ihr  lull,  a  elu^lri  of  ( 'lii[ij)tn\a  wigwain->, 
Aiul  till'  liu^y  wives  plying  with  -kill  ih.'ir  net-,  in  the  eviiri.ild  waters. 
Two  hundred  white  winters  .uid  nioii'  have  lied  tiom  tlif  fice  of  the  .Summer 
Sime  llnl.uth,  on  that  wild.  >oinber  .liore,  in  t  he  unlirokm  lorc-t  ])rimi.'val, 
l""roin  the  midst  of  the  spruer  and  the   jjines.  saw  the  >nioke  ol   the-  wigwanis  up  riiiling. 
lakethe  fumes  from  the  temples  and  shrines  of  thr  l>iiiids  (i\   old  in  iji   ii   lorcsts. 
.\li,  little  he  dreamed  then,  forsooih,  that  a  eily  would  stand  on  that  lull  side, 
.\nd  bear  tin-  prmid  name  i.>l    hul.uth,  the  untiring  and  >  lanmless  r\pIorer, — 
A  reiiigi.'  for  shiji.s  frojti  the  storms,  and  lor  men  from  ihr  liee  liivi  -  o,    I'.uKipf, 
'  'ut-stretehine  her  loiiij,  iron  amis  o'er  an  empii''  o|   Savons  and  \"nnans. 


Ill    ol 
r    ut" 

T'f'/', 


Till'  swifl  west-wind  -ang  in  the  sails,  and  on  llew  the  boat  like  .i  -.M-giil], 
I>y  the  green.  templtMl    'ilN  .nid  the  d.iles.  and  the  dark  i  ugged  roi  k-  of  tin;  \oi  ih  ,'>lioic 
For  llie  (iiiirse  of  ihi'  brave  l-ienchm.m  l.iy  to  hi<  fort  al  ihf  ( 1  di  mah-na-trk-w  .ihk," ' 
Hy  the  shore  o|    the  grand  'riiiinder  l!av,  where   thi   gi.iy  roeks  loo"'  up  into  mounlanis 
Where  the  Si  one  ( liani   At;v\  is  on  the  (ape,  .md  I  he  god  of  i  he  -jIoi  nis 

makes  the  thunder,'"' 
.\iid  the  M.ikinak"'  lifts  his  Inige  shape  from  'Ik    '.re.ist  ot   tin-  blm  -lollmg  waters. 
.And  theme  to  ihi.'  south-\\esiward  led  his  ionise  to  the  I  loly  ( ihosi  .Mi.ssi,,ii,-' 
Where  the  I'kuk  RobL-s.  the  bi.ise  -heplii  ol-.  fc>\  their  wild  shoi  p 

on  the  i-le  \\  ,>n-L'a  ba-mi'."' 


■  Till' rente  of  Dul.ntli  .iline  ,(■  ,.  liliirl     freiii  tin- iin'uiti  of  tin-  WiM  l-!i.e  'Mml'  River. '■■  I  nf'   Sii 
lieiior    -u.i.s  for  .  eiitiirici  Jiiil  still  i  -.  the  In.li  ids'  i  aiiof;  roiiti:       I  h:ivo  w.iIKimI   om.t  lli<-  oM  ).  i 

til.   fool  of   the  Ilalli's  to  tlic  St.   1  oiiis  al.ovi;-   troil    by   llic  t'crl  of   h.ilf    lin;C(ls  .i|n|   ■.■i>)-iit;,-u >  .>  ioi  ii,..!.-- 
ill, III  two  icnluries,  and  liy  tin-  liuli.nis  for,  ]i..-rha|is,  ,i  tbuu-i-nul  ye.irs. 


so 


Jl  /.V(\V.I. 


SI  NSI-  I     H AV,    I    \KI-     -I  I'KHtllK. 

Ill  the  oiulianiini^  ( 'Ii,i-|u.mi-L'-^oii  Hay.  defcndol  by  rJ!  the  A] 'i,!  k',;' 
Ami  ilnncf.  hy  ihc  Kt  -ue-naw ,  lay  l.i>  comv-e  t"  llio  Mi>~inn  Saiiitc  Marie. + 
\nw  the  \\a\r^  rla]i  tln'ii  niMiad  hand-,  and  -ilieani-  the  wliitc  Iiaii  >i(  tln'  -urges; 
Pulailh  ai  tlu'  -leadv  helm  >tan(K,  and  he  liiini-  a<  he  lioinids  .I'ei  '.lie  billow.,: 


<  »  .swxet  is  the  eaiol  of"  bird. 

And  sweel  i>  the  imirniur  ul'  stream^; 

Ihit  sweeter  the  \niee  tinit  I  heanl — 

111  the  nigitt—  in  the  midst  of  my  dreams. 


'The  Apohtk-  Islands. 


t.\t  the  Saut  St.  Marie. 


ir/xoxj. 


ST 


"li-  tlie  inouii  of  the  sere,  falling  leaves.       From  tlie  liea(l>  nf  tlie  maiile^  tlu'  west-uiiul 

Plucks  tlie  reil-and-gokl  plumage  aud  grieve-  mi  tlie  uieads  for  the  rose  ami  the  lily; 

Their  brown  leaver  the  moaning  o;5ks  siiew,  and  the  hree/e--  that  roam  on  the  jaairies^ 

I,ou-\vhistling  and  wanton  jiiir-ue  the  dow'.i  of  tlie  -ilk-weed  and  thistle. 

All  >ere  are  the  prairie-  and  hrown.  in  the  glimmer  anil  ha/e  (jf  the  Autumn; 

I'"roni  the  far  northern  niar-lie-  tloek  down.  1)\-  thou-ands.  the  i;ee-e  and  the  mallards. 

From  the  meadows  and  wide-prairied  plains,  for  their  long  southward  journey  preparing. 

In  croaking  Hocks  gather  the  crane-,  and  choose  with  loud  clamor  their  leaders. 

The  breath  of  the  evening  i-  cold,  and  lurid  along  the  hori/on 

The  ihinie^  of  the  prairie-  are  rolled,  on  the  -lunber  -kie-  flashing  their  torches. 

.■\t  noontide  a  -himmer  of  gold,  through  tlie  lia/c,  pour^  the  sun  from  hi-  paihxvay. 

The  wild-rice  i-  gathered  and  ripe,  tui  the  moor-,  lie  the  scarlet  po-pan-ka;* 

Michaho''  is  >mokiiig  hi-  pipe, — -'ti-  the  soft,  dreamy  Indian  Summer, 

When  the  god  of  the  South'  as  lie  tlie-  from  W'a/iya.  the  god  of  the  Winter, 

I'or  a  time  turns  his  beautiful  eve-,  and  backsiard  look- over  his  -hcuildci". 


!t  is  noon,      l-'roni  irw  path  in  the  -kie-  the  red  -un  look- down  on  Kathaga, 

Asleeji  in  the  valley  it  lies,  for  the  >\\ift  hunter^  follow  the  bison. 

Ta-te-]i-in,  the  aged  brave,  bend^  as  he  walk-  by  the  side  of  Winona; 

Her  arm  to  his  left  hand  she  lend-,  ainl  he  feel-  with  hi-  staff  for  the  pathway: 

On  his  -K)w,  feeble  footsteps  attemls  hi-  giay  dog,  the  watchful  Wich.aka;+ 

For  blind  in  hi-  years  is  the  chief  of  a  fever  that  followed  the  Summer, 

.•\iui  the  days  of  Ta-te-psin  are  brief.     <  >nce  more  by  the  dark-rolling  river 

Sits  the  (.'hief  in  the  warm,  dreary  haze  of  the  beautiful  Summer  in  .\utumii; 

Ami  the  faithful  dog  lovingly  lay-  his  head  at  the  feet  of  hi-  master. 

<  )n  a  dead,  withered  branch  -it-  a  crow,  down-peering  a-kance  at  the  old  man; 

( )n  the  marge  of  the  river  below  romp  the  nut-brown  and  merry-voiced  children, 

.-\nd  the  dark  water-  silently  flow,  liroad  and  deei',  to  the  plunge  of  the  lia-IIa. 

By  his  side  -at  Winona.      He  laid  hi-  thin,  shriveletl  li.ind  on  her  tre--es. 

"Winona,  my  claughter,"  he  saitl.  "no  longer  tli\-  father  behold-  thee  ; 

But  he  feels  the  long  locks  of  thy  hair,  and  the  day-  that  are  gone  are  remembered. 

When  Sis(')kat  sat  faithful  and  fair  in  the  lodge  of  swift-footed  '['a-te-i)sin. 

The  white  years  have  broken  my  -jiear;  from  m\  bow  they  ha\e  taken  the  1  ow--trin"; 


■Ir.uilicrric-.  t\Vcu-Llnh-k:ih  — litcr.illy  ••I'.iittifiil." 

JThc  Rnbiii — the  name  of  Wiiiun.i'-  M'lhtr. 


6 


'm 


'.» 


HI 


82 


ir/xoxA. 


Hul  (ince  nii  tlic  trail  of  tlie  ilcer.  likt.  a  s^'ray  wulf  fnnn  -unvisc  till  sunset, 

Uy  wooillaiul  ami  lueailMW  aim    mere,  ran  tlie  feel  of 'ra-te-])sii;  untirini:;. 

Hut  tlini  are  the  ilay>  that  are  j,'nne.  anil  <larkly  aruuml  me  they  wander, 

I^ike  the  pale,  misty  face  ^f  the  mooii  wlien  she  walks  through  the  storm  of  the  winter; 

And  sadly  they  speak  in  my  enr.     I  have  looked  on  the  graves  of  my  kindred. 

The  Land  of  the  S])iriis  i^  near.     Death  walks  by  my  >ide  like  a  .shadow. 

Now  ojieu  thine  ear  to  my  \oice.  and  thy  heart  to  the  wish  of  thy  father, 

And  long  will  \Viiiona  rejoice  that  >he  )ieeded  the  words  of  Ta-tc-i>>in. 

The  cold,  cruel  winter  i-  near,  and  famine  will  sit  in  the  teepee. 

What  hunter  will  hi  ing  me  the  deer,  or  the  t1e>h  of  the  hear  or  the  bison? 

For  inv  kinsmen  before  me  have  gone;  tliey  hunt  in  the  land  of  the  shadow.s. 

In  my  old  age  forsaken,  alone,  must  I  die  in  my  te- "lee  of  hunger? 

Winona,  Tamd<'>ka  can  make  my  empty  lodge  laugh  .vitli  abundance; 

For  thine  aged  anil  blind  father's  sake,  to  the  s,in  of  the  Chief  speak  the  promise. 


For 


"ladlv   aiiain  to  mv  lee  w  i 


11  t 


le  hrii 


lal  irift^  come  for  inv  dautjhter. 


A  tleet-fooied  hunter  i-.  he.  and  tiie  good  >pirils  ''eather  his  arrows; 
And  the  cold,  cruel  winter  w  ili  be  a  feast-time  in-te:id  of  a  famine. 


'My  fath 


lie  sail  I 


and  1 


ler  \o 


ice  wa>  filial  and    nil  of  c 


ompassion. 


'Would   the  heart  of  T.i-ii'-p-in  rejoice  at  the  death  of  Winona,  his  daughter? 


Th 


e  cr.i 


ftv  T; 


ll.itc. 


Mu-t  I  die  in  hi-  It 


eepee  of  sorrow? 


For  I  love  the  White  Chief,  and  I  wait  hi-,  return  to  the  land  of  ]  )akotas. 


When  th 


w  iiids  of  w  inter  return,  and  toss  the  white  robes  of  the  iirairies 


The  fire  of  the  Wiute  Chief  will  burn,  in  his  lodge,  at  the  Meeting-of-Wat 


er- 


heart  followed  his  feet  far  awav  to  the  land  of  tl 


ic  mornui!. 


Wino 

And  she  hear>  in  her  -lumlier  hi-  sweet,  kindly  voice  call  the  name  of  th\  dau'dil 


er. 


My  fall 


The 


ler,  almle. 


jiitrea 


t.  tl 


le  return  of  the  brave  to  Kathaga. 


e  wihl-ni  e  is  ''atliered 


lie  meat  o 


f  the 


iwon  15 


stored  in  the  ti 


•pee; 


Till  the  Coon-M 


oon"    enou 


;li  and  to  spare:  and  if  then  the  white  warrior  le'.urn  not, 


Winona  will  follow  tlie  bear,  and  the  coon,  to  iheir  dc 


the  fi 


iie^t. 


She  is  strong;  she  can  handle  the  spear;  she  can  bend  the  stout  bow  of  the  hunter: 
And  sw  itt  on  the  trail  of  the  deer  will  she  run  o"er  the  snow  on  her  -alo\\-^lloes. 
Let  the  step-mother  sit  in  tl\  lee,  ami  kindle  the  fire  for  my  father; 


And  the  cold,  cruel  wiiUei  >h 


ill 


a  fea.st-time  instead  of  a  fa 


mine. 


The  Wiiiie  CIp 


will  iu'\e 


r  return."  half  angrily  muttered  Ta-te-psiii; 


Hi 


is  camp-li  le  will  nevcni^ire  burn  in  the  land  of  the  warriors  he  slaughtered. 


,'!  f1 


WINONA. 


83 


hitcr; 


I  grieve,  foi-  my  daughler  has  saiil  that  she  loves  the  false  friend  of  her  kindred; 

For  the  hands  of  the  White  Chief  are  red  with  the  blood  f)f  the  trustful  Dakotas. " 

Then  warmly  Winona  re])lied,  "Tamdi'jka  himself  is  the  traitor, 

And  the  w!.lio-hcarted  stranger  had  died  by  his  treacherous  hand  in  the  forest, 

I!ut  thy  daughter's  voice  bade  him  bewr.re  of  the  sly  death  that  followed  his  footsteps. 

The  words  of  Tamdc')ka  are  fair,  but  his  heart  is  the  den  of  the  serpents. 

When  the  braves  told  their  tale,  like  a  bird  sang  the  heart  of  Winona  rejoicing. 

But  gladlier  still  had  she  heard  of  the  death  of  the  craft)-  Tanuh'ilva. 

The  ("iuef  will  return;  he  is  bold,  and  he  carries  the  tire  of  Wakinyan: 

To  our  people  the  truth  will  be  told,  and  Tamd(')ka  will  hide  like  a  coward." 

Ilistliin  hxks  the  aged  brave  shook;  to  himself  half-inaudibly  muttered; 

To  Winona  no  answer  he  --jxjke — only  moaned  he  "Micihik^eel     Micunkseel* 

In  m\- old  age  forsaken  and  iilind  I     \unl     lli'-hel     Micuukseel     Micunk>eoI"+ 

And  Wicluika.  the  pitying  clog,  whined,  as  he  looked  on  the  face  of  his  master. 


not. 


Wazi'ya  came  down  from  the  North — froni  his  land  of   perpetui!  winter. 

From  his  frost-civered   beard  issued  forth  the  .^har]id)iling,  >hrill-whistling  North-wind; 

At  the  touch  of  his  lireath  the  wide  earth  turned  to  stone,  and  the  lake^  and  the  rivers; 

From  his  nostrils  the  white  vajior--  rose,  and  they  covered  the  sk\-  like  a  blankei 

Like  the  down  of  Maga;J:  fell  'he  snows,  to^sed  antl  whirled  into  heaps  by  the  North-v-.'nd. 

Then  the  lilinding  >torms  roared  on  the  plains,  like  the  simoons  on  sandy  Sahara; 

From  the  fangs  of  the  fierce  hurricanes  lied  the  elk  and  the  deer  and  the  iiison. 

Ever  colder  and  colder  it  grew,  till  the  fro/en  earth  cracked  and  split  open; 

Ar.d  harder  and  harder  it  blew ,  till  tlie  prairies  were  bare  as  the  boulders. 


T(;  the  southward  the  l)urfaloes  tlci,  and  the  whit 


c  rahhi 


ts  hid  in  the 


ir  Durrows; 


On  the  baie  sacred  moundsof  '.lie  deadhowled  the  gaunt,  hunijrs-  woKes  in  the  niLrht-time 


Th. 


trong  hunter--  crouchetl  in  their  tce>;  by  the  lodge-fires  the  little 


And  thu.M. 


M 


ens  ilaiH'Li 


to  appease,  in  their  tee|iee,  the  wrath  of  W 


i/iva; 


r>ut  f.imine  aui'  fatal  tliscase.  bke  phantoni>,  cre)it  into  the  village. 

The  Hard  Moon    wa>  ]i,vsi.  but  the  moon  when  the  coon>  make  their  trails  in  the  f  iresl^ 


drew  colder  and  o^Mer, 


le  co()i>    or  the  bear,  ventured  not  fiiun  hi 


1- 


o\  the  CO 


Id,  cruel  Arctic  SiiU'on  sweiit  the  r;'rtli  like  I  he  breath  of  a  furnace. 


In  the  tee  ofTa-tc-psin  the  >tore  of  w  ild-ncc  and  dried  meat  w  as  exhausteil; 
And  Famuie  crept  in  at  the  door,  and  sat  crouching  and  gaunt  by  the  lodge-fire. 


'My  l).Tiu  •  rer:    M\ 


MiightL'i' 


t.M.is.  ()  My  Daughter,  — Mv  Uaiighicr' 


sMoJiLiiic-mcn. 


I-  ct 


cbru.iry. 


84 


WINONA. 


]5ul  nns\  witli  tlie  saddle  nf  deer,  ami  tlie  t^ifls,  eaiue  the  eiafty  'I'amd'ika; 

Ami  he  said,  "l.n  I  bring  Vdii  gnud  cheer,  for  I  love  the  liliml  Chief  and  his  <laiij^hter. 

Take  tlie  j,Mfts  of  Tanidoka,  for  dear  to  his  heart  is  the  dark-eyed  Wiiioua." 

Tlie  aged  Chief  opened  his  ears;  in  his  heart  he  already  consented; 

liiit  the  moans  of  his  child  and  her  tears  touched  the  age-softened  heart  of  the  father. 

And  he  said,  "I  am  burdened  with  years, — I  am  bent  by  the  snows  of  ni\  w inters; 

Ta-te-psin  will  die  in  his  tee;  let  him  pass  to  the  Land  of  the  Sjiirit.s; 

Hut  Winona  is  young;  she  is  free,  and  her  own  heart  shall  choose  her  a  husband." 

The  dark  warrior  strode  from  the  tee;  low -muttering  and  grim  he  dejiarled. 

"Let  him  die  in  his  lodge,"  muttered  he,  "I'.ut  Winona  shall  kiniUe  mv  lodge-lire." 


Then  forth  went  Winona.     'l"he  bow  of  Ta-te-psin  she  took  and  his  arrows, 

And  afar  o'er  the  deej),  drifted  snow,   through  the  forest,  she  sped  on  her  snow-shoes 


0\ 


\er  meadow  and  ice-covered  nu 


re,  throui-h  the  thickets  of  red-oak  and  ha/el. 


She  followed  the  tracks  of  the  deer,  but  like  ]ihantonis  they  tied  fnnn  her  \ision. 
From  sunrise  till  sunset  she  sjied;  half-lamished  sliccampetl  in  the  thicket; 


In  th 


e  cold  snow  she  made  her  lone  liei 


the  buds  of  tl 


leliuch*  made  her  supper. 


'!"o  the  dim  moon  the  gra\  owl  preferred,  trom  tlie  tree-to] 


I,  Ills  sliri 


II 


ameutation. 


And  around  her  at  midnight  she  heard  the  dread  famine-cries  of  the  gray  wolves 
In  the  gloam  of  the  morning  again  on  the  trail  of  the  red-ileer  she  followed-— 


All  day  long  through  the  thickets  in  vain,  for  the  g 


rav  wolves  weie  clia^m 


tl 


le  I'oe 


bucks 


And  the  cold,  hunsirv  winds  fr 


OlU    I 


he  pi 


am  ch.isei 


d  l1 


le  wdhes  ail' I  tlie  deer  ami 


Wi 


nona. 


Jn  the  twilight  of  sumlown  >lie  --at,  in  the  forc-t,  all  weak  and  dcsi>airin 


Ta-tt 


■lin's  bow  lav  at  hi'i  fi' 


ind  h 


IS  otter 


skill 


»er  of 


'H 


e  iiromiset 


he  p 


she  saiil, — half-ilreamily  uttered  and  moiirnful 


"Ami  why  conies  he  not?   Is  he  dead?    Was  he  slain  i  )•  the  crafty   ranidok. 
.Must  Winona,  alas,  make  her  choice — make  her  choice  l)elueeii  de.ilh  ami 


Sh 


ill 


le  will  (lie,  hut  Her  so 


t  h 


ml  will 


ie|oic 


e  in  the  far  Summer-land  <>f  the 


;pirils 


Hark  I  1  hear  his  low. 


musical  voice 


11 


e  i>  coimn 


gl   My  White  Chie!^ 


ami 


iminiJ  1 


l.'.k.i 


Ah, 


no; 


1  .1111  hall    in  a  dream  I — 'twas  the  mem'ry  of    lay-  long  departed; 


liut  the  birds  of  the  green  Summer  seem  to  be  singing  above  in  the  branche- 
Then  forth  from  her  bosom  she  drew  the  crucified  Jesus  in  -ilver. 


In  her  dii 


the 


colli  nortli-wiiul  blew,  as  meekly  she  heiil  o  er  the  imaci 


ly  sh 


'O  Christ  of  the  White  man, 


pray. 


ige. 
.'ad  the  U  ci  of  mv  brave  to  Kathaea; 


The  pheasant  feeds  on  birch-buds  ni  winter.      Indians  eat  them  when  very  hun|:ry. 


II 7X0  X.I. 


85 


Scml  ;i  s^ooil  s| 


it  .1 


DWii  to  niv  ail 


If  the  frieml  of  llu'  White  (liief  will  peri>l; 


Then  a  smile  on  iier  wan  features  i>Iayeil,  and  slie  lifteil  Iter  pale  face  ami  chunteil: 

"K-ye-he-kta :  i:-ye-he-kta ! 

Ik'-kta-ce;  f-ye-i.e-i|iii')n. 

Mi-\Vannlee->ka,  he-he-kta; 

Ile-kta-ce;  e-ye-ce-cjucMi, 

MI-\Vani(Iee->ka." 


[  IK.\NS1.ATII).\.| 

He  will  come;  lie  will  come; 


lie  will  come,  for  he 


prom 


iseil. 


My  White  Ka^le,  he  w  ill 


IK 


ill 


c  will  come,  lor  lie  promi^eu 
Mv  White  ila.'le. 


Thus  sadlv  >he  chanted,  and  1  >-— allured  bv  her  -.orrouful  accent^ 


From  the  dark  covert  crc[)t  a  red  di>c  and  woi 


uirouslv  L^a/cil  on 


W 


niona. 


Then  swift  cau^^ht  the  ]ulntres^  her  how;  from  her  trcinhlini;  hand  hummed 

the  keen  arrow. 
Updeaped  the  red  ya/.er  and  lied,  hut  the  white  -^now  wa>  ^prinklcil  with  scarlet, 


And  she  fell  in  the  oak  thicket  dead.     On  ihe  trail  ran  the 


L-r  W 


mona. 


Half-famished  the  raw  tlc<h  she  ate.     'I'o  the  huns^iy  maid  sweet  was  her  su])per. 

Then  sw  ift  through  the  niylit  ran  her  feet,  and  >he  trailed  the   sleek  red-deer  hehiiid  her 

And  the  guide  of  !ier  -;tep^  was  a  star — the  cold-glinting  >tar  of  Wa/iya — * 

Over  meadow  ami  hilltop  afar,  on  the  way  to  the  lodge  of  her  father. 

lUit  hark",  on  the  keen  frosty  air  wind  the  shrill  hunger-howls  of  the  gray  wohesi 

And  nearer, — still  nearer  I — tlie  blood  of  the  doe  have  they  >cented  and  follow; 

Thrt)ugh  the  thicket,  the  meadow,  the  wood,  dash  the  ])ack  on  the  trail  of  Winona. 

Swift  she  sjieeds  with  her  burden,  but  >w  ift  on  her  track  tly  the  minitms  of  famine; 

Now  theyyell  on  the  view  from  the  <lrift. 

Red  gleam  their  wild,  ravenous  cye- 


the  reed-iat  ihe  marine  of  the  incatlow; 


tor  tlicv  see  on  tiic  liill-si< 


<lell 


leir  supper; 


The  ilark  forest  echoes  their  ciie-;  but  her  heart  is  the  heart  ol  ii  wan  i'i|-. 

From  its  sheath  ^nateiied  Winona  her  knife,  and  a  lei;  from  the  red  doe  she  severed; 


With  the  carcass  she  ran  for  her  life. 


a  low -branching  oak  ran  the  maider 


Round  the  deer's  neck  her  head-strai)t  was  tied;  swiftly  she  spiang  to  the  ainii  of  the 
oak-tree; 


'Wa/iya's  .Star  is  the  North-sty 


tA  str.ip  iiscj  hi  carrying  Imrdciis. 


80 


WINOXA. 


Quick  licr  hunlen  slio  drew  In  her  side,  and  hij^her  she  clunil)  cm  the  l)ranches, 

While  the  maddened  wolves  iiattled  and  hied,  dealing  death  u"er  the  leg  t<>  each  other; 

Their  keen  fangs  devouring  the  dead, — yea,  devoming  the  tlesii  of  liie  living, 

Tliey  raved  and  they  gnashed  and  they  growled,  like  the  fienils  in  the  regions  infernal; 

The  wide  night  re-echoing  howled,  and  the  hoarse  >.drth\\in<l  laugheil  o'er  the  -laughter. 

I!iit  their  ravenous  niaw>  unajipeased  liy  the  hlood  and  the  lie"-!!  of  their  fellows, 

To  the  cold  wiml  their  inu//ieN  they  raised,  and  the  trail  to  the  oak-tree  they  followed. 

Round  .md  roinid  it  they  howled  for  the  prey,  madly  lea]iiiig  and  >narling  and  snajiping; 

]5ut  the  i)rave  maiden's  keen  arrows  slay,  till  the  dead  number  more  than  the  living. 

All  the  long,  dreary  night-time,  at  hay,  in  the  oak  sat  the  shivering  Winona; 

But  the  sun  gleameil  at  last,  and  away  skulked  the  gray  cowards*  down  through  the  forest. 

Then  down  dropped  the  doe  and  the  maid.     I'".re  the  sun  reached  the  midst  of  his  journey, 

Her  red,  welcome  burden  -he  laid  at  the  feet  of  her  fami-hiug  father. 


Wa/i'ya's  wild  wrath  was  aiipeased,  and  homeward  he  turned  to  his  teepee, ' 

O'er  the  plains  and  the  foresl-lau'l  bree/eil,  from  the  l>lan(Uof  Siunmer,  the  South-wind. 

Fiom  their  dens  came  the  coon  and  the  bear;  o'er  the  snow  thri'Ugli  the  woodlands  they 

wandered; 
On  her  snow-shoes  with  stout  bow  and  spear  on  their  trails  r.in  tlie  lumtress  Winona. 
The  coon  to  his  den  in  the  tree,  and  the  bear  to  hii  burrow  she  followed; 
A  brave,  skillfid  hunter  was  she,  and  Ma-te-psin's  lodge  laughed  with  aljundance. 

The  long  winter  wanes.     On  the  wings   of  the  sjiring  come  the  geese  and  the  mallards; 

On  the  Ijare  oak  the  red-robin  sings,  and  the  crocuses  peep  on  the  prairies. 

And  the  bobolink  pipes,  but  he  brings,  of  the  blue-eyed,  brave  White  Chief,  no  tidings. 

With  the  waning  of  winter,  alas,  waned  the  life  of  the  aged  Tatejisin; 

Ere  the  blue  pansies  peejied  from  the  grass,  to  the  Land  of  the  Spirits  he  journeyed; 

Like  a  babe  in  its  slumber  he  passed,  or  the  snow  Irom  the  hiU-tops  in  April;  • 

And  the  dark-eyed  Winona,  at  last,  stood  alone  by  the  graves  of  her  kindred. 

When  their  myriad  mouths  opened  the  trees  to  the  sweet  clew  of  heaven  and  the  rain  drops, 

Anil  the  April  showers  fell  on  the  leas,  on  his  mound  fell  the  tear-  of  Winona. 

i\.ouiul  her  dreoping  form  gathered  the  years  and  the  spirits  unseen  of  her  kimhed. 

As  low,  in  the  midst  of  her  tears,  at  the  grave  of  her  father  she  chanted: 

'W'lilvus  Mimctinics  att.ick  pcuple  M  night,  but  rarely,  if  ever,    in  the  day  time.      If  they  have  followed 


a  hiniter  all  ni 


ght, 


"treed" 


thev  will  sknlk  awav  as  so( 


ion  as  the  -iin  rises. 


k.iy. 
cli.n-. 


■k.iv. 


awed 


J 1 7X0. V.I.  87 

Ivyi>-tan-liaii  c-y,iy-u.ili-ki-y.iy  I 

Jl-yd-tan-lian  e-yay-wah-kt. -yay  I 

l'".-yi'i-laii-lian  e-yay-\vali-kt--yay ! 
Ma-kali  kin  liay-cliay-ilaii  tay-lian  wan 
Ti'i-way  lie  ktay  nmcc  (.'yaytlK'n  ij-\\,ili 

Ivyc-lan-liaii  c-yay-wali-ki-y.iy  I 

I'',-y<i-laii-haii  c-yay-wali-kf-yay  I 
Ma-k.ili  Kin  liay-ehay-il.in  tay-han  wan 

I  1  u  \N^I  A  im.n]. 

Sore  i->  my  -nrrnw  I 

Sole  i--  my  >i>irii\\  1 

Si)ie  i^  my  >un()\v  I 
rile  earlli  almie  last-;. 
I  -•jieak  a-  mie  ilying; 

Sore  is  my  sorrow  I 

Sore  is  my  sorrow  I 
The  eariii  alone  la^ts. 

Still  hoiiC,  like  a  star  in  the  niglit  yleaniini,'  oft  through  the  lirokeii  elouiK  Miinlicr, 
Cheered  the  heart  of  Winona,  ami  bright,  on  her  clream<,  hcanied  the  face 

of  the  l-"renchnian. 
As  the  thought  of  a  loved  one  and  ]o>t,  ^ad  and  ^weel  were  her  liioughts 

of  the  White  Chief; 
In  the  moon's  mellow  light,  like  a  glio^t,  walked  Wim  na  alone  'ny  ilie  Iladia, 
Mver  \\ra]>i>ed  in  a  dreain.      l"ar  away — to  the  land  of  the  ^unri-o — ^he  wandered; 
On  the  blue-rolling  Tanka  Mede,*  in  the  mid'^t  of  her  dream-,  -he  beheld  him — 
In  his  white-winged  canoe,  like  a  bird,  to  the  land  '<(  1  >akota--  returning; 
And  often  in  fancy  slie  heard  the  di])  of  his  oar>  on  the  river. 

On  the  dark  waters  glimmered  the  moon,  but  ^he  -aw  not  the  boat  of  tlie  Frenchinan; 
On  tlie  somber  night  bugled  the  loon,  but  >he  heard  not  the  >ong  of  the  boatmen. 
The  moon  waxed  and  waned,  but  the  -tar  of  her  hope  never  waned  to  the  setting; 
Through  her  tears  >he  beheld  it  afar,  like  a  toii.*li  on  the  ea-tem  hori/on. 
"He  will  come, — he  is  coming,"  -he  -aiil;  "he  will  ci'iue.  lor  my  White  llagle  promi-cd,' 
And  low  to  the  bare  earth  the  maid  bent  her  ear  for  the  -ound  of  hi-  foot-te]is. 
"He  is  gone,  but  liis  voice  in  my  ear  still  remain-  like  the  voice  of  the  robin; 
He  is  far,  but  his  footsteps  I  hear;  he  i-  c    ining;  my  White  Chief  i-  coming  I" 

■   Lake  Superior, — 'I'lic   <i/fcViii(iti>>/'i  of  tin.- ( 'lii|pin;w;i-. 


88 


II7.V0.V.I. 


But  llie  iiH  11)11  uaxc'l  ami  waiidl.      Nescrmnic  will  I  lie  oyo  nf  Winona  hchoM  liini 

Far  away  on  liic  ilark,  iul,'l;ii1  ^Iidiu  n(  iIkj  Miie  <  iilclifi'  (luinei.'  lie  liiij^ei^. 

No  ti(lin{J^  the  |■i^illL;  sim  luiiig^;  no  liiliii^>  the  star  of  the  e\ciiiii_i,'; 

But  morning  ami  (.'veiling  »lie  >inij^,  like  a  lurtlc-ciove  widowed  and  waiting,': 


Al<c  u.  ake  u.  ake  u; 
Ma  eaiite  ina^eca. 
Ake  M,  ake  ii,  akt'  u; 
Ma  lantc  iiia^cca. 


Come  again,  come  again,  come  ai^aiii; 
l''or  my  hcail  is  sad. 
Come  ai^ain,  come  again,  come  again; 
I'lir  my  heail  is  sad. 


D  )Wii  ihelnoail  (lilt  lice  .Seeliee*  the  hand  I'-ok  their  \\ay  to  the  (iaiiie-.  at   Keo/a.' 
While  the  n\\  ilt-fnoted  liuiiteis  hy  laml  ran  the  shores  for  the  elk  and  the  bison, 
lyike  magas+  ride  the  hircheii  canoe^  on  the  lueast  of  the  dark  Cjitchee  Seehee; 
By  the  willow -fringed  i-laiids  they  cruise,  hy  the  grassy  liilN  green  to  iheii  -iiinniit>; 
By  the  lofty  hhil'fs  hooded  with  oaks  that  ilaiken  the  deep  with  their  shadows; 
And  bright  in  the  sun  gleam  the  strokes  of  the  oars  in  the  hands  of  the  women. 
With  the  band  went  Winona.     The  oar  ])lied  the  maid  with  the  skill  of  a  hunter. 
They  loitered  and  camped  on  the  shore  of  Keiimica — the  Lake  of  the  Mountain-. t 
There  the  Heel  lunUers  followed  the  deer,  and  the  thorny /(?/////>;  for  tlie  worieii. 
From  the  tees  lo-e  the  -mcdce  of  good  cheer,  cniling  blue  through  the  toji^  of  the  maples. 
Near  the  foot  of  a  clifl'  that  aro>e.  like  the  batlle--.carred  walls  of  a  castle. 
I'p-towering.  in  rugged  repose,  to  a  di//\-  height  over  the  waters. 

Hut  the  man-wolf  ^till  followed  his  prey,  and  the  >tep-moiher  ruled  in  the  teepee; 

Her  will  must   Winona  obe\'.  by  the  cust(nn  an<l  law    of  Dakotas. 

The  gifts  to  the  tee|iee  were  brought — the  blanket >  and  beads  of  the  White  men. 

And  Winona,  the  orjihaned.  was  bought  by  the  crafty,  relentless  Tanuhika. 

In  the  Spring-time  of  life,  in  the  Hush  of  the  gladsome  mid-May  days  of  Summer. 

Wiien  the  bobolink  sang  ami  the  thrush,  and  the  red  robin  chirped  in  the  branches. 

■"  o  the  tent  of  the  brave  must  she  go;  she  must  kindle  the  fire  in  his  teepee; 

.'She  must  sit  in  the  lodge  of  her  foe,  as  a  slave  at  the  feet  of  her  master. 

Alas  for  her  waiting  1  the  wings  of  the  Kast-wind  have  l)rouglit  her  no  tidings; 

On  the  meadow  the  meadow-lark  sings,  but  sad  is  her  song  to  Winona, 

For  the  glad  warbler's  melody  brings  but  the  memory  of  voices  deiiarted. 


'  Cliipi)<;ua  naim- iif  iliL-  Mi>si-.si|)pl. 
t  Wil:l  (.ec~c. 

}   I.ako  Pepin:  by  Ilciiiicpiii  c.illuil  l.nki;  of  To  u^  — Cillcii  liy  tlu  I  ).il<  iia>  Romm.'i.--clKili  .M  J  ly  —  I, .ike 
of  the  Minmt;iiii>. 

§    I'.ili-hiii — the  porcupine — the  •itiills  of  uliich  are  gre.uiy  prized  for  ornunental  work. 


ill 


ir/.vo.v.i. 


80 


i)le-., 


-1..lU 


The  l)ay-S|)iiit  walked  in  the  we^l  t(j  hi^  loilyo  in  the  hiinl  t>f  tlie  shadows; 

His  ihining  face  j,'leameil  nii  the  crest  of  the  oak-hondcil  hills  and  tlie  mountains, 

Anil  tile  meadow  lark  hied  lo  her  ne>t,  ami  the  mottled  o\\  1  jieeped  from  her  cover. 

Hut  harki  from  the  tee|)ee>  a  cr>  I   Hear  the  ■.houi^  of  the  hurrying  w.irrior-.! 

Are  the  steps  of  the  enemy  nij^h, — of  the  i  rafty  and  creeping;  <  )iil)\vays? 

Nay;  look  on  the  di//y  clitVhit;h  1 — on  the  i)rink  of  the  iliff  >tands  Winona  I 

Her  sad  face  up-turned  to  the  -ky.      Ilaikl   I  hear  the  wild  i  hant  of  her  deatli-Miiiy;: 

My  l''nther'-.  Sjiiiit,  look  down,  h  o';   down  — 

Krom  your  huntin^-^'round>  in  the  --hinin^  skies; 

ISehold.  for  the  light  of  my  ^oul  i-,  i^one, — 

The  Hl^Iu  i>  L,'oiie  and  Winona  die-.. 

I  looked  to  the  l'a>l,  iiut  1  ^aw  no  >lar; 

The  fate  of  my  White  Chief  wa^ turned  away. 

I  harked  for  hi-  foot-lep>  in  vain;  afar 

Hi-  hark  >ailed  over  the  .Sunri>e--ea. 

I.on;^  have  I  watched  till  my  heart  is  cold; 
In  my  breast  it  i^  heavy  and  coM  a-  stone. 
No  more  shall  Winona  hi-  face  behold, 
And  the  robin  that  sanj;  in  her  heart  is  gone. 

Shall  I  sit  at  the  feet  of  the  treacheron-   brave? 
(  In  his  hateful  couch  shall  Winona  lie? 
.Shall  -he  kindle  his  {'we  like  a  coward  -lave? 
Nol — a  warrior's  tlauyhter  can  bravely  die. 

.My  Fathers  Spirit,  look  down,  look  down — 
From  your  hunting-yrounds  in  theshininj^  skies; 
Hehold,  for  the  light  of  my  -oul  i-  gone, — 
The  light  is  gone  and  Winona  dies. 

Swift  the  strong  hunter-  clomb  a-  she  sang,  ami  the  foremost  of  all  was  Tanuloka; 

From  crag  to  crag  upward  he  sprang;  like  a  ]>anther  he  leajied  to  the  summit. 

Too  late!  on  the  brave  as  he  crept  turned  the  mai<I  in  her  scorn  and  defiance; 

Then  swift  from  the  dizzy  height  leaped.     Like  a  brant  arrow-jiierced  in  middieavcn, 

Down-whirling  and  fluttering  -he  fell,  and  headlong  plunged  into  the  waters. 

Forever  .she  -ank  mid  the  wail,  and  the  vviitl  lamentation  of  women. 

Her  lone  -|iirit  evermore  dwells  in  the  depths  of  the  Lake  of  the  Mountains, 

And  the  lofty  clift'  evermore  tells  to  the  years  as  they  pass  her  sad  story.* 

■  The  D.akot.i-  -ay  th.it  the  spirit  uf  \Viniin:i  forever  h;iuiu- the  lake.  I'hey  say  that  it  was  many, 
many  winter-  aiji  when  Winona  leaped  from  the  rock — that  the  mek  vsa-  then  perpendicular  to  the 
water's  edge  and  -he  leaped  into  the  lake,  Imt  nov^'  the  rock  has  worn  away,  or  the  water  has  receded,  so 
that  It  doe-  nrn  reach  the  foot  of  the  rock. 


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irAVOXA. 


In  the  •.ilciicc  of  smrow  the  niyht  o'er  the  earth  spread  lier  wide,  >al)!e  pinions; 

And  llie  star>""  hid  their  faces;  and  Ii^;ht  on  the  lake  fell  the  tears  of  the  spirits. 

As  lier  sad  sisters  watched  on  tlie  ^hore  for  her  si)irit  to  rise  from  the  waters, 

They  heard  the  swift  dip  of  an  oar,  and  a  boat  they  beheld  like  a  shadow, 

(ili<lini;  down  throu^li  the  night  in  the  ^jray,  fjloaining  mists  on  tlie  face  of  the  waters. 

"rwa>  tlie  bark  of  Dul.utli  on  his  way  from  the  Kails  to  the  dames  at  Kec'iza. 


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"  iioWN    ruE  raii<;ki>  kwi.sk  >>i   riiE  muin  imss."'     dai  i.ks  .n    ink  >r.   i.iU'is. 


HE  LEGEf^D  OF  THE  FALLS.' 


[Read  at  llic  (.elebrat i«u  of  the  Old  Settler^  of  Hennepin  County,  at  the  Academy  of 
Music,  Minneapolis,  July  4,  1S79.I 

(The  numerals  refer  to  notes  in  the  Apjiendix.) 

On  the  Spirit-lslandf  sitting  under  niiilnight's  tnisty  moon, 
1,0  I  sec  tlie  spirits  flitting  o'er  the  waters  one  by  one! 
Slumber  wraps  the  silent  city,  and  the  droning  mills  are  chimb; 
One  lone  whij'powil's  shrill  ditty  calls  her  mate  that  ne'er  will  come. 
Sadly  moans  the  mighty  river,  foaming  down  the  fettered  falls, 
Where  of  old  he  thiuulered  ever  o'er  abrupt  ami  lofty  walls. 
Oreat  I'liktehee*' — god  of  waters — lifts  no  more  his  mighty  head; — 
I'led  he  witii  the  timid  otters? — lies  he  in  the  cavern  dead? 


i\ 


Hark! — the  waters  hush  their  sighing,  and  the  whippowil  her  call, 
'I'hrotigh  the  moon-lit  mists  are  tlying  dusky  shadows  silent  all, 
1,0  from  out  the  waters  foaming — from  the  cavern  deep  and  dread — 
Throiigh  the  glamour  and  the  gloaming,  comes  a  spirit  of  the  dead. 
Sad  >he  seems;  her  tresses  raven  on  her  tawny  shoulders  rest; 
.Sorrow  on  her  brow  is  graven,  in  her  arms  a  babe  is  pressed. 
Hark' — she  chants  the  solemn  story. — sings  the  legend  sad  and  old. 
.\nd  the  river  wrapt  in  glory  listens  while  the  tale  is  told. 


'.Viipc-tii  .S.i  pa — t'liiinlcd  I  >ay — was  ilic  luimc  nf  tlic  I  lakun  m.iilicr  wlio  CMiiiiiiitlt;il  siiiiidc,  a-  rt-la- 
led  ill  till-  liijuiul,  liy  pluiiKiii^  ci\fr  llit  I'.ilU  nf  .St.  Antliony.  .Si  li.mli  r.ift  1  alU  tier  ".|/;//>./A«  Sapa.  " 
liii/'iitit  i>  not  llaliiila.  Thfrf  arc  -cscral  m;i-miis  uf  this  legend,  .ill  agreeiin;  in  the  iii.iin  puiiit- 
tl'he  small  i>liuul  <>f  rock  a  few  nd-  IicI'av  the  I  alU,  vva>  r,illcd  liy  the  llakntas  W'anagee  Wc-ta — 
Splritl>laiid.  They  say  the  ■-piril  of  Aiipetii  .Sapa -it-  upon  that  i-laiid  at  iiiylil  .ind  p.^iir-  firth  her  sor- 
row ill  -ong.  They  also  -ay  that  from  tune  out  of  iniiul,  war  eagles  ne-ted  on  that  i-land,  until  the  .kJ- 
\cnt  of  white  nieik  frightened  iheiii  .iway.     Ihi-  -eein- to  lie  true.      I'.irver'-   I'r.ivel-    London  177S  ,  p.   7  i 


liiii 


ol'  the  legend  of  the  falls. 

Would  yj>u  hear  the  legend  olden,  hearken  while  1  tell  the  tale  — 
Shorn.  ala>.  ot'  r.iany  a  golden,  weird  Dakota  chant  and  wail. 

I'HK  LK(;EM). 

Tall  was  young  Wanata,  stronger  than  Heyoka's'"  giant  form. — 
Laughed  at  flood  and  fire  and  hunger,  faced  the  fiercest  winter  stt)rni. 
When  Wakinyan  "Hashed  and  thundered,  when  I'nktehee  raved  and  roared. 
All  but  br.ive  Wanata  wondered,  and  the  gods  with  fear  imj'lored. 
\N  hen  the  war-whoop  wild  resounded,  calling  friends  to  meet  the  foe. 
From  the  teepee  swift  he  hounded,  armed  with  poli>hed  lance  and  bow. 
In  the  battle's  din  and  clangor  fast  his  fatal  arrows  llew. 
Flashed  his  fiery  eyes  with  anger, — many  a  haughty  foe  he  >lew. 
Hunter,  swift  was  he  and  cunning,  caught  the  beaver.  :>lew  the  bear, 
(-)\».'rtook  the  rtjebtick  riuining,  dragged  the  panther  from  his  lair. 
I.oved  was  he  by  many  a  maiden;  many  a  dark  eye  glanced  in  vain  ; 
Many  a  heart  with  sighs  was  laden  for  the  love  it  might  not  gain. 
So  they  called  the  brave  "Ska  Capa";*  but  the  fairest  of  the  band — 
Moon-faced,  meek  Anpetu-Sapa — won  the  hunter's  heart  and  hand. 

From  the  wars  with  triumph  burning,  from  the  chase  of  bison  fleet. 
To  iiis  lodge  the  brave  returning,  spread  his  troi)hies  at  her  feet. 
Love  and  joy  sat  in  the  tee|)ee;  him  a  black-eycil  boy  she  bore: 
Hut  alas,  she  lived  to  weep  a  love  she  lost  forevermore. 
For  the  warriors  chose  Wanata  first  Itancant  of  the  band. 
At  the  ( t)uncil-fire  he  sat  a  leader  loved  a  chieftain  grand. 
I'n)ud  was  fair  .\npetu-Sapa,  and  her  eyes  were  gKul  with  joy; 
Proud  was  she  and  very  happy,  with  her  chieftain  ami  her  boy. 
But  ala>.  the  fatal  honor  that  her  brave  Wanata  won. 
Hrought  a  bitter  woe  upon  her, — hid  with  clouds  the  summer  sun. 


*<  >r  Cap.i  Sk.t — White  heaver      White  beavers  are  very  rare,  very  cunning  ami  hard  to  Latch. 
tK -tan-can — Chief. 


THE   l.F.GEXD  OF   THE   FALLS. 


93 


For  aniinii;  the  brave  Dakotas,  wives  bring  honor  to  the  thief. 

On  the  vine  t  lad  Minnesota's  l)anks  he  met  the  Scarlet  I.eaf. 

Young  and  fair  was  Ape-diita* — full  of  craft  and  very  fair . 

I'roud  she  walked  a  (jueen  of  beauty  with  her  wondrou*  flowing  hair. 

In  her  net  of  hair  she  taught  him — caught  \Vanata  with  her  wiles; 

.All  in  vain  his  wife  besought  him — begged  in  vain  his  wt)ntetl  smiles. 

Ape-diita  ruled  the  teepee — all  Wanata's  smiles  were  her>; 

When  the  lodge  was  wrapped  in  sleep  a  start  beheld  the  mother's  tears. 

Long  she  strove  to  do  her  duty  for  the  black-eyed  babe  she  bore; 

Hut  the  proiul.  imperious  beauty  made  her  sad  forevermore. 

Still  she  dressed  the  skins  of  beaver.  l)ore  the  burdens,  spread  the  tare ; 

Patient  ever,  murmuring  never,  while  her  cheeks  were  creased  with  care. 

In  the  moon  .Maga-oKada."'  twice  an  hundred  years  ago — 

Kre  the  "HIat  k  Robe's  "*  sacred  shadow  stalked  the  prairies'  pathless  snow- 

I)own  the  swt)llen.  rushing  river,  in  the  sunset's  golden  hues. 
From  the  hunt  «)f  bear  and  beaver  came  the  band  in  swif'i  canoes. 
On  the  <iuefn  of  fairy  islands,  on  the  \\ita-Waste's§  shore. 
Camped  W'anati.  on  the  highlands,  just  above  the  cataract's  roar. 
Many  braves  were  with  Wanata;  .\pe-diita,  too,  was  there, 
.And  the  >ad  An|)etu-sapa  spread  the  lodge  with  wonted  care. 
Then  above  the  leatless  prairie  leaped  the  fat-faced,  laughing  moon. 
.And  the  stars — the  spirits  fairy — walked  the  welkin  one  by  one. 
Swit't  antl  silent  in  the  gloaming  on  the  waste  of  waters  blue, 
Speetling  downward  to  the  foaming,  shot  Wanata's  birch  canoe. 
In  it  stood  .Anpetu-sapa — in  her  arms  her  sleeping  child; 
I. ike  a  wailing  Norse-land  ih<ipa^\  rose  her  death-song  weird  and  wild: 


if 


■Star«.  the  r*alii>ta«  >ay.  arc  the  faco  nf  departcil  fricinl-  watthing  omt  their  frieinl-  and  relative-  on 
earth. 

♦  I'hc  l>aki>tas  lalled  the  JeMiit  prie-t-  "lll.n  k  Relies"  Ir'mi  the  cV'r  of  their  \estiiie.u-. 

{Weetah  Wah-tay — Kcaiilifiil  Nlaml,  — the  I'akuta  name  i<<r  NiLi'Hel  Nluiiil,  jii>t  abuxc  the  Fall.«. 

lA-pe — leaf.— dtita — Scarlet,— .Scarlet  leaf. 

^l/^rii/i.t.  a  Niir-c  funeral  wail  in  which  the  virtues  of  the  deceaseil  arc  rcmiinted. 


94 


THE   LEGEND  OE   THE  EAI.LS. 


Miliihiia,*  Mihilina,  my  heart  is  stone: 
The  light  is  gone  from  my  longing  eyes; 
The  wounded  loon  in  the  lake  alone 
Her  death-song  sings  to  the  moon  and  dies. 

Mihihna,  Mihihna,  the  path  is  long. 
The  burden  is  heavy  and  hard  to  bear; 
I  sink, —  I  die,  and  my  dying  song 
Is  a  song  of  joy  to  the  false  one's  ear. 

Mihihna.  Mihihna,  my  young  heart  flew 
Far  away  with  my  brave  to  the  bison-chase; 
To  the  battle  it  went  with  my  warrior  true, 
And  never  returned  till  I  saw  his  face, 

Mihihna,  Mihihna,  my  brave  was  glad 

\\'hen  he  came  from  the  chase  of  the  roebuck  tieet; 

Sweet  were  the  words  that  my  hunter  said. 

As  his  trophies  he  laid  at  Anpetu's  feet. 

Mihihna,  Mihihna.  the  boy  I  bore — 
Wiien  the  robin  sang  and  my  brave  was  true, 
I  can  bear  to  look  on  his  face  no  more. 
For  he  looks,  Mihihna,  so  much  like  you. 

Mihihna,  Mihihna,  the  Scarlet  Leaf 
Has  robbed  my  boy  of  his  father's  love: 
He  sleeps  in  my  arms  —he  will  fuul  no  grief 
In  the  star-lit  lodge  in  the  land  above. 

Mihihna.  Mihihna,  my  h.eart  is  stone. 
The  light  is  gone  from  my  longing  eyes: 
The  woundeil  loon  in  the  lake  alone. 
Her  death-song  sings  to  the  moon  and  dies. 

Swiftly  down  the  turbid  torrent,  as  ^he  sung  her  song  she  Hew : 
Like  a  swan  upon  the  current,  dancing  rode  the  light  canoe. 
Hunters  hurry  in  the  gloaming,  all  in  vain  Wanala  calls: 
Singing  through  the  surges  foaming,  lo  she  i)lunges  o'er  the  l-"alis. 


*Mec-ln;i.'tivali — Mv  hiisl);iiul 


IJIE   LEG  EX D  OE   THE   FALLS.  l»o 

Long  they  scnr(  h  the  sullen  river — searc  hed  for  leagues  along  the  shore, 
Hark  or  liabe  or  mother  never  saw  the  sad  I)akotas  more; 
Hut  at  night  or  misty  morning  oft  the  hunters  heard  her  song. 
Oft  the  maidens  heard  her  warning  in  their  mellow  mother-tongue. 

On  the  hlufts  ihey  sat  enchanted  till  the  l)lush  of  beamy  dawn; 

Spirit  Isle,  they  say.  is  haunted,  and  they  rail  the  spot  "Wakan."* 

Many  summers  on  the  highhuul.  in  the  full-moon's  golden  glow — 

In  the  woods  on  Fairv  Island, +  walked  a  snow  white  tawn  and  doe — 

Spirits  of  the  babe  and  mother  sadly  seeking  evermore. 

For  a  father's  love  another  turneil  with  evil  charm  and  power. 

Sometimes  still  when  moonbeams  sh  mmcr  through  the  maples  on  the  lawn, 
In  the  gloaming  and  the  glimmer  walk  the  silent  <loe  and  fawn: 
Ant!  on  Spirit-Isle  or  near  it.  under  midnights  misty  moon. 
Oft  is  seen  the  nn)ther's  spirit,  oft  is  heard  lur  mournful  tune. 

'I'riiiP'Uiufil  W.ilk-iin.— Sacred,  iiih.iliilc'(l  liy  a  Spirit 
♦  Kairy  l-laiul.— Wita  Waste-  Nicollet  Island. 


ill 


THE  SE/\-6ULL; 


nil.  l.^..;^;M.o^    ,1,1   i-i.  n  ki  1.  ko<  ks  ,,.   1  aki    s,  ,.,  ki-.K.      ..,(,iw\v, 

IN    ■■■•^    WK\SI  KK  IlK  lll\\\  Mil  \. 

(The  nuna-raK  I  2.  clc.  relcr  I..  Notes  to  ScaCuIl  in    \|.,...„,l,x. ) 

On  the  shore  of  (;itrhee  (Miinec' — 

l>«e|».   mysterioiis.   ini:;lity   '.vaieis  - 

Where  the  inaniioes     the  spirits  - 

Hide  the  sti.rin>  and  >|,e;ik   in   tliuiKln, 

In  the  «lay>  of  \cinc  Sh.imis,  ' 

In  the  day>  that  are  for^'otteii, 

l>welt  a  tall  an<i  tawny  hunter  — 
(Jitchee  I'e/ /e-u— the    |tantlui. 
Son  of  Watili  ( Ijeeg. '    the  warrior. 
Fatiu>ii>    \Vani)()ieeg,   tiie  warrioi. 
Strong  was  he  and  fleet  as  roebiic  k, 
Hrave  was  he  and  very  steahh.  ; 
On  the  deer  crept   like  a  panther; 
(Grappled  with   Makxva,  '    the  monster, 
(irappled  with  the  hear  and  ( <.n.iiierc(l ; 
look  his  hiack  claws  for  a  necklet, 
Took  his  bla(  k  hi<le  for  a  blanket. 

When  the   I'anther  wed  the  Sea  (lull, 
Voung  was  he  and  very  gkulsonie; 


^11 

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■i  I 


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'////.  s/:a  (;i  /./.. 

I'.iir  was  sIk-  ami  lull  «»!'  laii^hli-r : 
l.ikr  tin-  loliin  in   ihc   >|tring  time. 
Sang   liom   siiiiiiM'   till  ihc   Mii)>ct ; 
I'or  sIk-   loved  the  h:iiuls4iiiK'  luintcr. 
Dt'cp  as   (lilchcc    <iumcc's   waters 
Was  Ikt  Iom-     as  l»r<ia»l  ami  iMiiimllcss: 
Ami   llir  \\r(l(K'(i    twain    were  lu|i|»y  — 
lla|i|ty  as  the  inatf<l  roltins. 

When  their  (hst  born    >aw    the  siinli^jht 
Joyful   was   the  heart  of  I'anther. 
IVoiid  ami    io)tiil    wa>   the   mother. 
All  the  (lays  were  full   of  >nn>hine: 
All  the  ni_i;hts  were  lull  «»!'  star  li^lit. 
Nijihily   from  the    land  «»f  >|>irits 
( )n   them  smiled  the  starry  fares — 
Kaces  of  their  friends  departed. 
Little  moci-asins  she  made  him. 
I'eathered  cap  and  hell  of  wampum: 
I'roni   the  hide  of  fawn  a  blanket. 
I'"rini;ed   with  feathers,  soft  as  s;il»le: 
Sinjiing  at  her  pleasant  lalwir, 
I5y  her  side  the  tekenagun,'' 
And  the  little  hunter  in  it. 
Oft  the   Panther  smiled  antl  fonilleil. 
Smiled  upon   the  babe  and  mother. 
l''rolieked  with  the  boy  and  fondled. 
'I'all  he  grew  and   like  his  fiither. 
And  they  talleil  the  boy  the  Raven — 
Called  him    Kak-kah-ge — the   Raven. 

nap|)y  hunter  was  the   I'anther. 

Krotn  the  wooils  he  brought  the  pheasant. 


yy/A  si'.A  CHJ.. 


*M» 


llroii^'ht  the    red  deei   and   tla-  ral.l 
Itronj^ht   the  tiuin   |n,in   Cilchee  ( 


•It. 


iiiinee 


IJroiij^ht   the  mallard  from  the  mir^hes,— 
koyal  rea>l   fur  hoy  and   mother: 
lJrouj,'ht   the  hides  o(   fov   and   lieaver. 
IJroiighl   (he  >kins  (.f  mink   and  otter, 
laired   the   loon   an.)    took    \\\>   blanket, 
loc.k    hi>  hiankel    lor   the    Kaven. 


Winter  swiftly   followed   winter, 
.\n«l  ai^ain   the  lekiiia^Min 
llehl  a  hahe     a  tawny  danghter. 
Ht-lil  a  dark    eyed,  dimpled   dani,'hter; 
An<l   they  <  alleil   her   Wanh omee-mee,— 
lhu<,  they   named   her      the   White  I'ii^eon. 
lint   as  winter  followed   winter 
Cohl  and  sullen  grew  the    I'anther; 
Sat   and   sm<>ked  his   pijie  in   silence; 
Uhen   he  spoke  he  spoke  in  anger; 
In  the  forest   often   tarried 
Many  days,   and  homeward   turning. 
Brought   no  game  imto  his  wigwam: 
Only  brought  his  empty  i|uiver, 
Brought  his  dark   and   sullen   visage. 

Sad  at  heart   and  very  lonely 
Sat  the  .Seatinll  in   the  wigwam; 
Sat  and  swung  the  tekenagun. 
Sat  and  sang  to  W'aub-omee  niee: 
Thus  she  sang  to  \Vaub-t)mee  niee, 
'llius  the  lullaby  she  chanted : 


!   X 


I. 
i 


KM) 


///A  S/:.l    i;i  /./.. 


i.nj 


W'a  w.i,    \\;i  Wii,    «;i\M'yi'a; 

Kali  \V('tn.   lu'i-  /lu'kii   ki-  diaiis  ai, 

Ki"  i;ah  iiati  wai,   iu'iiu'j;t>  s'wi'i'ii, 

Nf  liaim,   IK' bann,   iic  daim  is  ais, 

NN'a  \va.   \va  \va.   wa  \\v  yi-a  ; 

Nf  haul),   lie  Itaiin   lit-  daiiii  is  ais, 

Ivwt'  \va  \va,  \va  \vc  yea, 

v.  Wf  wa  \va,  w.i  \vc  yt'.'i. 

[  IKANM  AI  |tt\.] 

Swing.  >\viiig.   liitU'  oiu",   liiilal>y; 
'riiou'rt   iini  Kit  alum    lo  weep; 
Mother  cares  f«»r  you,     she  i>.  nigh; 
Sleep,   my    liltle    one,    >werlh     sleep; 
Swing,    swing,    lildi-    one.    hillali\  ; 
Mftlher    watches   yon.     she    ii    nigh; 
(iently.    geiitiy.    wee    tme    swing; 
(lently,    gently,    while    I    sing 

Ivwe   wa    wa     lullaby. 

Ivwe    wa  -  wa     lullaby. 

'lomewani    to    his    lodge   letuining 
Kindly    greeting    found    the    hunter, 
i'ire    to    warm    and    food    to    nourish, 
(lolden    trout    from    (iitchec    (lumec, 
Caught    by    Kah  -  kali -ge--lhc  Raven. 
With    A   snare    he    caught    the    rabbit — • 
Caught  W'abosc,'  the    furry  -  tooled, 
Caught    I'enay,"  the    forest  -  drummer ; 
Sometimes    with    his    bow    ami    arrows, 
Shot    the    red    deer    in    the    I'orest. 
Shot   the  s(|uirrel  in  the  pine  to|), 
Shot    Neka.   the    wild-goose,    llying. 
rroiid    as   Waub- Ojeeg.    the    warrior, 


in  I:  si:. I  (;(■/./.. 

To    the    I(i(lj4c    he    |„.ir    liis    ln>|.hif.s. 

S(»    when    hiiiiuw.iid    tiiiric!    ihi-    iViiilhci, 

I'^Mi    toiiiid    hi'    1(1(1(1    provided, 

I'oimd    the    h.d^re    Ore   hrij^hily  l.iiriiing, 

l''<»iin(l   thr  railhfiil  Scm    (lull   wailiiij;. 

"Noil   arc  ((.Id,"  she  said,   "and   famished; 

lli'iv  arc  (in-  and  h.od,   my   hnshand. " 

Not   hy   word  oi    look   he  answered; 

Only   ale   the   food   |.r(»vi(lcd, 

Killed   ins   |.i|ie  and   pensive   piitled   it, 

Smoked  and  sat  in  sullen  silen(  e. 

Once     her  dark   eyes  fnll  of  hunger  - 

Tims  she  spoke   and   thus  hesought   him: 

Tell  :ne,  ()  my  silent  Panther. 

Tell   me.    ()   heloved   Imsl.and. 

What   has  made   yon   sad   and   sullen? 

Have   you   met    some  e\il   spirit — 

Mel  some  goblin   in   the  forest? 

lias  he   put   a  s|»ell   upon   you — 

Killed   \'our  he.irt   with   hitter  waters, 
That   you   sit   so   sad  and   sullen, 
Sit  and   smoke,   hut   never  answer. 
Only  when   the   storm   is  on  you?" 

Oruttly   then    the    Panther  answered; 
"Prave  amoni,^  the  hravi-   is   Panther. 
Son   of    Waul)    (  )iee-.    the   warrior. 
And   the   hrave  are  e\er   silent; 
J5ut   a   whining  dog  is  woman, 
Whining  ever  like  a  coward." 


I<t| 


J. . 

I  ! 


t»  L 


1(11 


Till'.  SI'] A    Gill.. 


I'"()rlli   into  the  tangled   forest, 
Tlircadiiig  through  the  thorny  thickets, 
Treadinj^  trails  on  marsh  and  niead(j\v, 
Sullen   strode  the  moody  hunter. 
Saw  he   not   the  hear  or  heaver, 
Saw  he  not   the  elk  (»r  roebuck  ; 
I'rom  his  path  the  red  fawn  scampered, 
l>ul  no  arrow  followed  after; 
l'"rom  his  den   the  sly  wolf  listened, 
r>ut   no  twang  of  bow-string  heard  he. 
Like  one  walking  in  his  slnmber. 
Listless,  dreaming,  walked   the   I'anther; 
Surely  had  some  witch  bewitched  him. 
Some  bad  spirit   of  the  forest.. 

When   the  Sea    (bill  wed   the   I'anther, 
l''air  was  she  an<l  full  of  laughter. 
Like  the  robin   in   the  spring-time, 
Sang  from  sunrise  till  the  sunset; 
I'.ut   the  storms  of  many  winters 
Sifted  frost  u|)on   her  tresses. 
Seamed  her  tawny  face  with  wrinkles. 

Not  alone  the  storms  of  winters 
Seamed  her  lawny  face  with  wrinkles. 
Twenty  winters  for  the   Panther 
Had  she  ruled  the  humble  wigwam; 
I'or  her  haughty  lord  and  master 
liorne  the  burdens  on   the    journey, 
(lathered  fagots  for  the  lodge  -  fire, 
Tanned   the  skins  of  bear  and  beaver, 
Tanneil  the  hides  of  moose  and  red   deer; 


THE  SEA    GUI. I.. 

Made  him   moccisins  and   k-ii'Miis. 

Dccknl   his  hood   with  .luills  and  feathers 
("t'Utrc'd  (|iiiils  of  Kaiig/     the  thorny, 

Feathers  tVoin    Kenew'  — tl)e  eaude. 

l-'or  a  warrior  i»ra\e   was   Panther; 
Often   iiad   lie  met    the  foemen. 
Met   the  hold  and   I'lerce    Dakotas; 
Westward  on   the  war-path  met   ihem; 
And   the  sealps  he   won   were   nimibered. 
Ximihered   seven   hy    Renew    feathers. 
Sail  at   lieart   wa>  Sea    (miI!   wailin-, 
W'atchinL,^,   waitini;  in   the  wi_i,'wam ; 
Xol  alone  the  storms  of  winters 
Sifted  frost   upon   her  tresses. 

Ka  he  l)(')n  ik  ka.''  the  mii^htv. 
lie  that   sends  the  cruel   winter, 
lie  that   turned  to  stone  the  (lianl, 
I'rom   the  (h^tant  Thunder  mountain, 
I'ar  across  broad   (iitchee  (iuinee, 
Sent  his  warninj^  of  the  winter. 
Sent   die  white  fro>t   and   Kewavdin,'" 
Sent   the  swift  and  hungry   Xorth-wind. 
Homeward   to  the  South   the  Summer 
Turned  and   tied   the  naked  forests. 
With   the  Summer  llew   the   robin. 
I'lew   the  bobolink   and   blue    bird. 
Mock  wise  following  chosen   leaders, 
Like    the    shaftless    heads    of    arrows 
Southward  cleaving  through   the  ether, 
Soon   the  wild-geese  followed  after. 


|(t;5 


Kil 


Till:   SEA  -GL  l.l.. 


One  long  moon   iho  Sea    (lull   waitfil. 
\\"at(  iutl  and   waited   for  her  Imsbaml, 
Till   at    hist   ^he  lieard   his  footsteps, 
Heard  him  coming  throngh   the  thicket. 
l''orth  she  weiit   to  meet   her  husband, 
Joyful   went   to  greet  her  hushaiul. 
I  .o  behind   the  haught)    hunter, 
(,'lofely  following  in   his  footsteps, 
Walked  a   xoung  and  handsome  woman, 
\\'alke(l   the    Red     Tox  from   the  island  — 
(litthee    Menis     the   (Irand    Island.— 
I'ollowed  him   into  the  wigwam, 
Proudly  took   her   seat   beside   him. 
(  )n    the    Red     Kox   smiled  the   hunter, 
On   the  hunter  smiled   the   woman. 


(  )ld   and  wrinkled   was  the  Sea    (iull. 
(iood   and   true,   but   olil  and   wrinkled. 
Twent)    winters  for  tiie   Panther 
Had   she   ruled   the  hinnble   wigwam, 
llorne  the  burdens  on   the  journey, 
(lathered   fagots  tor   the  lodge    lire. 
Tanned   the  skins  of  bear  and   beaver, 
Tanned   the  hides  of    moose  and  red   deer. 
.Made  him  moccasins  and   leggins. 
hecked   hi>  hood  wi:h   i|uills  and  feathers, 
Colored  (|uills  of  Kaug.   the  thorn), 
l-'eathers  tVom   the  great    war    eagle; 
I'Aer  diligent   and  faithful, 
I'.ver  i)atient,   ne'er  complaining. 
I!ut   like  all  brave  men   the    Panther 


TUK  SEA    a  LI.  I,. 

l.ovc.I  a  young  and  handsome  woman; 
So  he  dalMcd  with   the  danger. 
I>alhc(l   with   the  t.iir  Alg(')nkin." 
'I'lll  a  magic  mead   >he  gave  him. 
iJiewed  of    buds  of"  bin  h  and   eedar." 
Madly   then    he  loved   the   woman; 
Then   ^he  ruled   him.    tiien   she   held   him 
Tangled   in   her  raven    tresses, 
'I'ied  and   tangled   in    Iier  tre>ses. 

All.   the   tjll   and   tawny    I'anlhei  \ 
Ail.   the  bravr  and   brawnv   Panther." 
Son   ot"  Waul)    Ojeeg.    the  warrior! 
With   a   blender  hair  she   led   him. 
With   a   >lender  hair  ^lie  drr.v   him, 
Drew  him  often   to  her  wi-wam: 
There  site   lioiind   him.    there  she   held   him 
'I  angled   in   her  raven   tresses. 
Tied  and   tangled   in   her  tresses. 
Ah.   the   best   of  men   are  tangled- 
Sometime  tangled   in   the   tre>ses 
<  >t  a  f.ii     and  craft \    woman. 


10.') 


So  the    I'anther  wed   the    Red  h'ox. 
And   >hc  followed   to   hi^  wigwam. 
N'oung  again   he  seemed   and  gladsome, 
(dad  as    Raven    when    the  father 
Made   his  lir>t    bow   from   the    elm  tree, 
l'"rom   the  a>h  tree  made   \\\>  arrow >. 
Taught    him   how  to  aim   his  ari(.w>. 
lluw  to  shoot   Wabose— the   rabbit. 


lot". 


rill:  SEA  cui.r. 

'riicn   a^ain   ilic  brawny    himtcr 
Ilioiiglil    tlu'  Mack   Iti-ar  an>l   tlic-  1)im\ai, 
|{i"()tij;lil    tlu'   liaimi  li   of  tlk   ami   rnl  dcHi, 
IJidiiglit    llir   raltliil   and    thi-   pheasant  — 
('li()i<L'st   hits   of  all   for    Ketl   l-'ov. 
l-'or  hiT   Ktbo  lie  l)i(»ni;ht    the   >al)le. 
iSroiighl    the  otter  and   the  ermine. 
IJronght    the   blat  k  to\    ti|i|icd   with  silver. 

Iiiit   the  Sea    (lull   nuiiniured   never. 
Not   .1   word   she   spoke   in   an_ner. 
Went    about    her   work    as  ever. 
Tanned    the   skins  of  bear  and   bea\er. 
Tanned   the   hides  ot'  nioo>e   and   red   deer, 
(ialheri'd   fagots  tor  the   loilge     fire, 
(lathered   rushes  from   the   marches; 
|)eftly   into  mats  >he   wove   them; 
Kept   the   lodge   as  bright   as  ever. 
( )nlv   to   lierself  she    mnrmured. 
All   aK:ne   with   W'aub    omee    niee. 
On   the   tall  and   top|iling  highland. 
(  »*er   the    wilderness  of    waters; 
Murmured   to  the  murmuring   waler>. 
Murmured   to   the   Nebe  naw-baigs — 
'I'o  the   spirits  of  the   waters; 
( )n   the   wild  waxes  poured   her  sorrow. 
Sa\e  the  infant   on  her  bosom 
With   her  dark    eves   wide   with    wonder. 
None   to   hear   her  but    the  spirits. 
And   the  murmuririg  pines  above   her. 
I'hus  she  east   away  her   bunlens, 


'/•//A-  s/:.i   (;(/./.. 

CmnI     luT    I)I1I(K'11S    (HI    llu'    \\;itlTS: 

'l"luis  unto  ihi-   Mii^lity  S|.iiii. 
MatK-  luT  l()\vl\-   laiiu'iitiilioii  : 
"WalioiKiwiii :      WalioiKiw  in  :" 
( iilclict.'    M;init().    lii'n.'i  nin  ! 
Nah,   Ua  l)ii.   >.li(>\vi'iin   ncnK'^hin  1 
\Vali()n()\\iii !     Wahomivs  in  !" 

Ka  I»c  l)()n  I'k-ka."  tlu-  iniglily, 
lie  tliat    sends  the  (  rncl    winter, 
I'loni   the  distant    'rhnndcr    niDnntain. 
(  >n   the   slioie  of  (litihee   (imnec 

<  >n   the   iM-.^ed   noilliein    hmil. 
Sent   hi-,  solemn,   final   warnini;, 

Sent   the   white   uolve-,  of  the    Noi'land.' 
lake  the  (hist   of    stars   in   ellier  — 
In   the    Pathway  of    the   Spirits.'' 
la'kc   the   >i)arkhn^  (hiNt   of    (hanioiid-. 
I'VII   the  tVost    upon   the  forest, 

<  )ii   the  mountains  and   ilie  niea(l()w>. 
On   ihi-   wilderness  of    woodland. 

On    the   wilderness  of    waters. 
All   the   lingerin-;  fowls  departt-d  - 
-Ml   that    seek   the  South   in    winter. 
All   lilt   Shingehis.    the  diver;"' 
He  defies  the   Winter  maker. 
Sits  and  laughs  at   \\inter maker. 

Kad»e-l)()n  I'k-ka.    ilie  mighty. 
Kroin  his  wigwam   called    Kewa\(lin.  - 
I'Voni  his   home  among   the   i(  e  hergs, 
From  the  sea  of  frcven   waters. 


HI7 


Hi 


11 


Ids 


///A  s/'i.i  cur. I.. 

("ailed   the  swift   and  hungry   North  wind. 
Then  lu-  sinead   his  mighty  pinions 
()\er  all   the   land  and  shook   thcni. 
I, ike  the   white  down   of  Waiihese'' 
l''ell   the  feathery  snow  and  covered. 
All   the  marshes  and   the  meadows. 
All   the  hill-to|)s  and   the  highlands. 
'1  hen  old   I'elx'ian '" — the  winter  — 
Laughed  along  the  stormy  waters, 
Daneed  upon   the  windy  headlands, 
On  the  storm  his  white  hair  streaming. 
And  his  steaming  breath,  ascending, 
( )n   the  pine-tops  and  the  cedars 
j-'ell  in   frosty  mists  retulgent, 
S|)rinkling  somber  >hades  with  silver. 
Sprinkling  all   the  woods  with  silver. 

\\\    the  lodge-fire  all  the  winter 

Sat   the  Sea -Cull   and   the   Red    Kox. 

Sat   and   kindly  spoke  and  chatted. 

Till   the  twain   -^eemed  friends  together. 

Friends  they  seemed  in   woril  and   action. 

Hut  within   the  breast  of  either 

Smouldereil  still  the  baneful  embers — 

I''ires  of   jealousy  and  hatred, — 

!,ike  a  camp-fire   in   the  torest 

Left  by  hunters  and  deserted; 

( )nly  seems  a  bed  of  ashes, 

I>ut   the   ICast-wind,  ^^■al)un-no()(lin. 

Scatters  through  the  woods  the  ashes, 

i'ans  to  tlame  the  sleeping  embers, 


HIE  SKA  a  1 1.1.. 


And  the  wild    I 


iiL'    i(»ar>  and   raises, 


Koais  and   la^cs  tliroiigh   tlic  loicst. 
So  the  bancfnl   i-inl)(.r 


>  snioiildcicd 


Snionldcicd   in   llio  hiva^t   of  citl 


UT. 


(ID 


I'nini   die  far  off   Sininy    Inlands. 
I'loni   du-   |tlL'a>ant    land  <»f  SmnniL-r. 
Wlu'iv  die  spirits  of  {he   l)lcs>,i-d 
I'CL'I  no  inoif  the  fan<;s  of  iunim-r. 
Or  the  cold  l)i\-aih  of  Ktwaydin. 
(■;VniL"  a  stately  youth  an<l   handsome. 
Came  Sei,ain."  the  foe  of  Winter. 
Like   the   risiuL;  >nn   his  ta(  e   \va>. 
Like   the  >hinin_i;   stars  hi>  eyes  were, 
Lij,du   his  footsteps  as  tlie    Morning's. 
In   his  hand   were  hiid^  and  l.lo-,sonis, 
On   his  brow  a  hlooniinLj  i^arland. 

Straightway  to  the  i(  y  wigwam 

Of   old    IVhoan.    the   Winter. 

Strode  Segiin  ami   i|ni(kly   entered. 

'I'here  old    IVhoan   sat   and   >hi\ere<l. 

Sliivered   o'er  his  dying  lodge    fire. 


"Ah,   my  son.    I   bid  you   \vel<  onie : 
Sit  and  tell   me  yom-  adventures; 
I  will   tell   yoii   of   my  power: 
We   will   i)as>   the   nigh',   together."' 
'I'hus    spake    I'eboan      the   Winter; 
Then   he  filled  his   pipe  and   lighted 
'I'hen   by  sacred  (  u>tom   raided   it 
To   the  spirits  in   the  ether; 


no 


m 


/7//:    .SV;./     (if  II.. 

'I'o  iIk"  sjtirils  in    iIk-  ravriii>. 
( M"  llif  liulldw  iMitli  In-   luwiTi-tl    ii. 
riiii>  Ik-  |m-«m'(I   ii    Id  ilu'  >|iiiil->. 
Ami  ihr   iiiiM.-t.li    spirits   iniUfd   ii. 
Nov!    Inmst'ir    old    I'l'iio.iii    ll<ili<»ir<!; 
'riiiiii'  lu"  luirU'd   liis  |ii|>f  and   |>.is>i'»|  it. 
Passed   it    to  ihc  liandsonu-   ->lr,mi;«.'r. 


"I.o   I   Mow   my  hriMtli,"    said   Winter. 
".\nd   flu-   laiii;liini;   Inooks   an-   sili-nt  ; 
Hard  as  Mint   litMonu-   llic   wa'ris. 
An«l  ihf  ial)l»it   iinis  upon   tluni.  " 

Tht-n  Si'min.   iIk'  tail    youth,   answriid: 

'■  I  o    I    lufallir  upon   tin-   hill    sides. 

(Ml    tlu'   \alk-\s   and   thr   iiu-adows, 

.\iid  ln-liohl.   as  if  |)\    iiiagic    - 

\\\  the  inagir  of  the  Spirits. 

Spriiij;  the  tlowers  and   tiiider  i^rasses. " 

'llien  old    I'eho.in   replying: 
".\ahl'^'  1   breathe  upon   the  forests. 
Ami   the   leaves  fall   seri-  and   \ello\v  ; 
'I'lien    I    shake  im    loi  ks   and   snow    f.ilU. 
Covering  all  the  naked   lands<aite. " 

Then  Seiiiin   arose  and   answered  : 
".Nashkel"      seel      I   shake  my  ringlets: 
( )n  the  i-arth  the  warm   rain  falleth. 
And  the  flowers  look   up  like  «liildren 
(ihul    eyed  from  their  iiu)ther"s  hosoin. 
Ia>  inv  \()i«e  reealls  the  robin. 


'/■///•  s/:  I  cri  f . 

I'.rings  the  iKil.olink   and  \A\\v    I.ii.l, 
Ami   tin-   w.hmIs  air   lull   ,,1"  iiiiim(  . 
Willi   my  l.iralli    I    indt    tlui,    t.iiris. 
Ami   the  Iin.olvs  |fa|,   laii-liinj;  diiwanl.' 

'I'Ik-ii  i.1«1    IVImmh   louktd   ii|>tiii    liitn. 
l.<M.kf«l  ami  km-w  Si-iin.   ilic  Siimnici. 
I'inin  his  cyo  tlu-  i.i-   hMt>  si.ni.d 
Aii.l  his  liuasltul  loii^iif  w.is  ^iknt. 

Now    Ki-c/i>-'     ihf  -real   lik-    i;i\t.r, 
l-r.iiii   his  wijiwam   in    Waiilni  nmiM  ' 
Rose  ami   \vr;q.|.nl   liis  >liinin.u   M.iiikri 
K<»iMi«l  his  giant   l.tini   and   >t niid, 
Westward  started   on   hi-,   ii.iniit), 
Stri«linj^  on   from   liill   t(»  liill  t,,|,. 
rpward   then   he  (liinl)ed   the   ether 
On   the    Mridge  of  Stars"   he   tia\eK(l, 
Westwar«l   traveled   on   \\\>   imuney 
To  the  lar-otf  Sunset    Mountains— 
'r«>  the  gloomy  land  <jf  shadows. 

On  the  h.dge  poles  sang  the  rohin.  ^ 
And   the  brooks  hegan  to  inurmin. 
On  the  SiHith  wind  floated   fragrance 
Of  the  early  huds  and   l)losM)ms. 
From  old   IViM)an">  eyes   the   tear  drop^ 
Down  his  pale  face  ran   in   streamlet-.; 
Less  an<l  less  he  grew   in   stature 
'iill  he  melted  down   to  nothin-' • 
Ami  behold,  tVum  out   the  ashes, 


II 


112 


///A'  s/:.t  cri.i.. 

I'loiii   the  m>1kv>  of  hi*.  hHljjcfirf. 
S|h;iiil;   thr   .\li>(  o<li-f«l"     ami.   Itlii>hiii^. 
Welt  (tim-il  Sci;iin   lo  ihc   \i»rj|i  laml. 


So  fioin  Sunny    I>lt'>  ri-turnin^. 
I''i(»iu  thr  Siinunci  l..in«l  of  >|iiril>. 
(hi   ihi-  |K»k>  nt"  l\inthc'r*>  wigwam 
Sang  ( )|ifi'  (  1k-c     >.iH}4  the  robin. 
In   thf  n>a|>k'>  «  uocd  ihe  |Mgi-on<i  — 
Cooi'd  ami   wonrd  hkc  >illy  lo\crs. 
"Hah!     iiah!"  laughed  the  « mw  «Icri>i\c, 
In   the  pine  top.  at  their  folly. — 
I.anghed   and   jeered  the  >illy  Itners. 
Illind  with   love  were  they,  and  >aw  not; 
Deaf  to  all   Imt   lo\e.  and  heard  n<»t: 
So  they  eooed  and  wooed  unheeding. 
Till  the  gra)    hawk   pounced  u|M»n  iheni. 

•And  the  old  rrow  >ho«»k   with  laughter. 

• 

On  the  tall  ( liff  l»y  the  sea-shore 
Red    i''o\   made  a  --wing.      She  fa>tene<l 
Thongs  of   nioo>e  hide  to  the  phie-tree. 
To  the  strong  arm  of  the  pine-tree. 
Like  a  hawk,   altove  the  waters. 
There  she  swung  herself  and  fluttered, 
Laughing  at   the  thought  of  ilanger. 
Swung  and  tlultereil  o'jr  the  waters. 
Tiien  she  bantered  SeaCiuil.  >iiying. 
"Seel — I   swing  abttve  the  billows! 
Pare  you  swing  abo\e  the  billow-. — 
Swing  like  me  ab(ne  the  billows?  " 


/•//A  .s/;./  a  I  /.I.. 

To  hcr>elf  s:ii(l  Sea  (lull— "Surely 
I   will  dare  whatcxcr  lian^cr 
I)arcs  the   Red    lox  -dares  my  rival; 
She  >hall   never  tall   iiie  coward." 
So  hhe  >\Mii)g  above  ihi.-   waters — 
I>i//y  height  aliove  the  waters. 
I'lished  and  aided  by  lier  ri\al. 
'\'^^  and  fro  with    reekles>  darin-'. 
Till   the  stronu   tree   rot  ked  and   treniMed. 
Ko<  ked  and   trembled  with   it-,  burden. 
As  above  the  yawning  billows 
Flew  the  Sea-Cudl   like  a   whirlwind. 
Red    I'ox,  swifter  than   red   lightr.ing, 
Cut  the  cords,  antl  heaillong  downward. 
Like  an  osprey  from  the  ether, 
Like  d   wild-g(j().«,e   pierceil   with  arrows, 
Muttering  fell   the  frantic  woman. 
Fluttering  fell  into  the  waters- 
Plunged  and  sunk   beneatli  the  waters! 
Hark: — the  wailing  ot  the  West-wind: 
Hark:— tlie  wailing  of  the  waters. 
And  the  beating  of  the  l)illows: 
But   no  more  the  voice  of  Sea-tiull. 

In  the  wigwam  sat   the   Red   Fox. 
Hu>hed  the  wail  of  Waub-omee-omee. 
Weejiing  fur  her  absent  mother. 
With  the  twinkling  stars  the  hunter 
From  the  forest  came  and  Raven. 
".Se.i-(;ull   wanders  lat.-."  saiil   Red  Fox. 
"Late  she  wanders  by  the  >ea  -  shore. 
And  some  evil  mav  befall  her." 


n.) 


II 


THE  si:.\  (,ri  I . 

In   tlu'  \\\\--\\  iMDitiiii^   hNlii^ht 
loilli   Willi    I'aMlluT  and   tlu'    K.urii. 
Sean  lu'd   llu'  luic^l   .md   llu'  m.iislK's. 
Si'.in  lu'd   tor   liMi^iii's  aloiij;   llu'   laki-    clinic, 
Sr.iK  lu'd   llif   i^laiid-^  and   llu-   liij;lilaiid> ; 
liiil    llu'\    tiiiind   no  tiaco  or   tidings. 
I'tnind   no   liai  k    in    mai^ii   or  nu'adow, 
I'ound   no   trail   in   Icn   or   ron-^t. 
( )n   llii.'  slioir    -^aiid   lonnd    no  foot     |iiint>. 
Mail)    da\>  tlu'V  soii^lu    an  I   touiid    not. 
riioii   lo   I'aiitlK'r  ^poki-  llu-    Ra\cM  : 
"SliL-  is  in   tin.'    Land   ot'   S|iiiiis  — 
Siirt'l)    in   lliL'    I  and   of    Spirits. 
High  at   midiiinlil    I    lirlidd   Ik-i  — 
l.iki'  a   llsini;  >lar  lirluld   Ikt   - 
To   the  \\a\i's  ot'    (»il(lu'e   (iuiiiec. 
l)o\vnward   tlasliiiiL;   tlir{)ni;li    llic  ether. 
Tlnis  >he   tiaslied   th.it    I    iiiinht    >ei'   lier. 
See  and  know    my  inotliei's  spiiit; 
'riui>   >he   pointeil   to   tiie   \valer>. 
And   l)eneath   them   lies  her  body. 
In   the  \vii;\vani  of   the  spirits    - 
In   the  lodge  ot'    Xehe  -  luiw  -  baigs.  "  •' 

Then   spoke    rantiier  to  the    Raven: 
"On   the  tall   clit't'   by  the  waters 
Wait   and  wateh  with   W'aub  -  onice  -  inec. 
It"  the  Sea- (lull  hear  the  wailing 
Of    her  infant  she  will  answer."' 


On   the  tall  eliff   by  the  waters 

Si)   the   Raven   watched  and   waited ; 


///A  ,s/'../   <;(  i.i.. 

Ail   liif  (l.iy  \\v  \\.ii(  lied  aiiil  waited, 
liiil    ilic  liiin^iy  inhml   Nliiinlicti'd. 
Slumbered   l.y   tlic  side  nf  K;uim. 
'I'lII    ilu'   piiu->'  ^i-.iiilii    >li.ido\v> 
Slrel(  lied   ;iiid    |M.iii(i'd   hi    W.iiilui  iiong"- 
'!'<•   the  r.ir    oK   land   of    SuiiiiM'; 
Mk'Ii    die   wee   u\\c    woke  and   (iiini>heil. 
M.idc   a   li.n^  .iiid    i-iiroiis   wailing. 

Itoiii   afar  wlu-ic  «,ky  and   waters 
\\vv\   in  nn>iy  ha/c  and  mingle. 
Strai-lit   toward   the   ro(  k\    hi-liland. 
Straight    as   llie->   tiie   leatluied   aiK.w. 
Strai-ht   lo    Kavcn   and   thr   infant 
Sw'iltly   tlew   a   snow  white  seagull,— 
Mew   and   loin  hed   the  rartii   a   woman. 
And   lieliold.    the  Ion-  hci    nioiiier 
Caught   her   wailing  ,  |,i|d   and   nursed   her, 
Sang  a   lullaliy  and   nur>ed   her. 

'I'hrice   wa>   womid   a   (  hain   of  >il\er 

Koimd   her  waist  and   >trongl\    fastened. 

I''ar  away  into  rhe  waters — 

'I'o   the  wigwam  of  the  spirits.  - 

To   the   lodgt-  ,,f  Xe  !„•  iiaw  l)aigs,_ 

Stretehed  tlie  magi(    ,  hain  of  silver. 

Sj.oke   the  mother  to   the   Raven: 

"<)   my  son.      niy  l.rave  young  hunter. 

Vk:^<\   my  tender  little  orphan: 

iic  a  father  to  my  orphan  ; 

He  a  mother  to  my  ori.han.— 


w 


id; 


yy//.  .s/;./   (;r/./.. 


I'or  tlu'  (i.illv    Kl'(1    l't.\    r()l)l)L'(l    us, — 
Rnlilird   ilic  SraCiiill  of  lici    lui^I)an(l, 
kolilii'd    the   inrani    dI"  her   inotlu-i. 
I'loin   l\\\>  rlitt    thr   lri'a(  licroii^   woman 
I  Iradloiii^   inli)   ( iiti  Ikt   (  iiiiiu'i- 
I'liinmil    llu"  umllua    of  luv  i>i|'lian. 
'I  luai   a  N flu' 11.1  u  Ikhl;  <  aiii^lit    inc. — 
('liirl"  of  all   ill'-    NcliL'  n.iw  hai^s — 
'I'dok    iiK-   Id  hi--  sliininj;   uii;\\ani. 
In   till'  (a\('in   ot   tin.-   \\atcr>. 
|)(.'f|)  lii'iuMlli   the  iniuhtv   waters. 
All   lu'low    is  liiirni>lu'(l   coiiiil-c. 
All   alioxc   i>  Iminishrd   >\\\vi 
iicunuvA   w  i(h  aiurlliN  st    and   ai;aif>. 
As  lii>   vvifr  tht'  S|iirii    hold^  n\c : 
\\\   this  silvrr  (  hain   lu-   h()'d>   inc. 


When   inv  little  one  i>  faniishcd. 
When   with  Idiii;  and   |>ite()iis   wailiiin 
("lies  the  orphan   for  lur  niolhcr. 
Hither  biiiii;  her.   ()  ni}'    Ra\cn; 
1    will   hear  her.      I    will   answer. 
Xow   till.'   .\el)C  naw  haii;  tails  nie. — 
I'ulls  the  chain.  -    I    inii>t   obey   him." 

'rhu>  .--he  spoke  and   in   the  twinkliiiL; 
( )!'  a  star  the  spirit  woman 
(."iiangctl  into  a  snow-white  seagull, 
Spread  her  wings  and   o'er  the   waters 
Swiftly  tlew  and  swittly  \anishcd. 

Then   in  secret   to  the    Panther 
Raven  told  iiis  tale  of  wonder. 


TJ/Ii  SF.A    (;{■/./.. 

S;i(l  and   sullen    \\a>  t'li-   InintL-r; 
Sorrow  j^nawcd   lii>  heart   like  ImngcM 
All  llic  old  \u\c  (  anic   ii|i()n   iiim, 
And   the  new   love  was  a   hatred. 
Hatc-fiil    to  his  heart    was    \<i:i\    Vo\. 
IJnt   he   kejit   tVoin   her   the  secret  — 
Krpt    his   knowk'd^e  of  the   murder. 
\  ain   was   she  and   \er\-   haughty  — 

<  >i;c ma  kwa'-'    of  the   wiL^wani. 
.Ml   in   \iin   her  fond   (  are^ses 

<  )n   the  I'anther  now  she   lavislied  ; 
When   she  smiled   hi^  face   was  sullen. 
When   she   laughed   he  frowned    upon   her 
In   her  net   of  ra\en   tresses 

Now  no   more  she   held   him   tangled. 
\<»w  throu-h  all   her  fair  disguises 
I'anther  saw    an   evil   spirit, 
Saw  the   false  heart   of  the   woman. 


I  I 


On   the   tall   (  iiff  o'er  the   waters 
I\a\cn   sat    with   \\aul)(iinee nice, 
Sat   and   watched   :\'^:\\n   and   waited. 
Till   the   wee  one   taint    and   famished, 
Made  a  loni{  and   piteous   wailin^^. 
Then   again  the   >now\\hue   SeaCndl, 
I-'roni  afar   where   >ky  and   waters 
Meet  in   misty  ha/e  and  mingle. 
Straight   toward   the   nxky  highland. 
Straight   ;is   tlies  the  feathered  arrow. 
Straight   to    Ra\en   and  the  infant, 
\\'ith  the  silver  (  hain  around  her. 


118 


THE  SEA-  GULL. 

Ml'w  and   touclied  the  L-arth  a  woman. 
In   licr  arms  ^^hc  caught  licr  infant — 
Caught  the  waiUng  Waul) omec'-mec, 
Sang  a  lulhil)v  and  nursed  her. 


Iff! 


Sprang  the  Panther  from  the  thicket — 
Sprang  and  broke  tlie  chain  of  silver! 
With  his  tomahawk    he  broke  it. 
Thus  he  freed  the  willing  Sea-dull  — 
From   the  Water  -  Si)irit  freed  her, 
\\o\w  the  Chief  of  \ebe-naw-baigs. 

\'ery  angry  was  the  S|)irit; 

When  he  drew  the  chain  of  silver, 

Drew  and  found  that  it  was  broken, 

l-'ound  that  he  had  los'.  the  woman, 

\'ery  angry  was  the  Spirit. 

Then  he  raged  beneath  the  waters. 

Raged  and  smote  the  mighty  waters, 

'I'ill   the  big  sea  boiled  and  bubbled. 

Till   the  white-haired,  bounding  billows 

Roared  around  the  rocky  liead-lands. 

Roared  and  plashed  upon  the  shingle. 

To  the  wigwam  happy  Panther, 
As  when  first  he  wooed  and  won  her. 
Led  his  wite  — as  young  and  iiandsome. 
For  the  wa\  es  of  Citchee  Cumee 
Washed  away  the  frost  and  wrinkles, 
And  the  Spirits  by  their  magic 
Made  her  young  and  fair  forever. 


THE  SEA-GLLL. 

In  the  wigwam  sat   tlic  Red   Fox, 
Sat  and  sang  a  song  of  triumph, 
For  she  hitlc  (heamcd  of  danger, 
Till   the  haughty  hunter  entered. 
Followed  by  the  happy  mother, 
Holdhig  in   her  arms  her  infant. 
When   the   Red   I'ox   saw  the  Sea-dull 
Saw  the  dead  a  li\ing  woman, 
One  wild  cry  she  gave  despairing, 
One  wild  cry  as  of  a  demon. 
Up  she  sprang  and  from  the  wigwam 
To  the  tall  cliff  tkw  in  terrc^r; 
Frantic  sjjrang  upon  the  margin, 
Frantic  plunged  into  the  waters. 
Headlong  plunged  into  the  waters. 


119 


Dead  she  tossed  ujion  the  billows; 
For  the  \ebe-nawd)aigs  knew  her, 
Knew  the  crafty,   wicked  woman. 
And  they  cast  her  frijm  the  waters. 
Spurned  her  frcwn    their  shining  wigwams; 
Far  away  u[)on  the  shingle 
With  the  roaring  wavos  they  cast  her. 
There  upon  her  bloated  body 
Fed  the  cawing  crows  and   ravens. 
Fed   the  luingr\-  wolves  and  t"oxes. 

On  the  sh(jre  of  Oitchee  (Jumee, 
I^ver  young  and  ever  handsome, 
Long  and  hai)py  lived  the  Sea-OuU, 
Long  and  happy  with  the   Panther. 


120 


TJIE  SF.A-  GILL. 


I    |i   ! 


I    ■'!■ 


llvcimorc  the  happy  huntLM 
I.oved  the  mother  of  his  c  hiUlren. 
I -ike  a  red  star  many  winters 
Hla/.ed  their  lodge-fire  on  the  sea-shore. 
O'er  tlie   IJridge  of  Souls'-"'    together 
Walked  the  Sea-Gull  and  the  Panther. 
To  the  far-off  Sunny   Islands^ — 
To  the  Summer-I.and  of  Spirits. 
Where  no  more  the  happy  hunter 
Feels  the  fangs  of  frost  or  t'amine. 
Or  the  keen   blasts  of  Kewayclin. 
Where  no  pain  or  sorrow  entcis. 
And  no  crafty,   wicked  woman. 
Sea-(Jnll  journeyed  with  her  hu>l)and. 
Tliere  she  rules  his  lodge  forever. 
And   the  twain  are  \  ery  hapjiy. 
On   the  far-off  Sunny   Islands. 
In   the  Summer-I.and  of  Spirits. 


( )n  the  rocks  of  (litchee  (lumee — 
On   the  Picturetl  Roi  ks — the  Legend 
Long  ago  was  traced  and   written, 
Pictured  by  the  Water-Spirits; 
P)Ut   the  storms  of  many  winters 
Have  bedimmed  the  pictureil  >t(>ry. 
So  that  none  can  read  the  legend 
but   the  Jossakeeds,""    the   prophets. 


( 


Hi 


cinsiAi,   i;.\\.  I.  \KI-:   MlNNi:  rci\K.\. 


f^lNNETONf^A," 


I  >it  once  more  on  brce/y  >liore.  at  ^nn>L't  in  thi.-.  i;lorioii>  June, 
I  heir  the  dip  of  ^leaniin^  oar.  1  li>t  the  >in!4eis"  nierrv  tune. 
Beneath  my  feet  the  waters  lieat.  and  liiiple  on  tlie  pohshed  stones. 
The  stiiiirrel  chatters  from  his  seat:  tlie  Ijagiiipe  beetle  hums  and  drone? 


*The    Dakota    name  for   tliis  lioaiitiful  lake  is  A/,-iie-<i-t,iii-l-it — Broad  Water.     I!y 
drojiping  tlie  "a"  hcfure  "tanka"  we  liave  ilianged  the  name  to  /u^-  U'.rfi'i . 


•)•> 


A//AA7':7(hVA\L 


The  pink  and  gold  in  blooming  wold, — the  green  hills  nnirored  in  tlielakel 
'I'he  deeit.  blue  waters,  /ephyr-rolled,  aUjng  the  murmuring  i)ebbles  break. 
The  maples  screen  the  ferns,  and  lean  the  leaty  lindens  o'er  the  deep; 
'I'he  sai)phire.  set  in  emerald  green,  lies  like  an  Orient  gem  asleep. 
The  I  rimsoned  west  glows  like  the  breast  of  Rliiaidiir'  when  hepipesin  May, 
As  downward  droops  the  sun  to  rest,  and  shadows  gather  on  the  bay. 
In  amber  sky  the  swallows  ll}',  and  sail  and  circle  o'er  the  deep; 
The  light  winged  night-hawks  whir  and  cry;  the  siher  jiikeand  salmon  leap. 
'I'he  rising  moon,  the  woods  aboon.  looks  laughing  down  on   lake  and  lea; 
Weird  o'er  the  waters  shrills  the  loon:   the  high  stars  twinkle  in  the  sea. 
From  bank  and  hill  the   whippowil  sends  i>iping  forth  his  lUite-like  notes. 
And  clear  and  shrill  the  answers  trill  from  leafy  isles  and  silver  throats. 
The  twinkling  light  on  cape  and  heiirht;  the  hum  of  xoices   on  the  shore> ; 
The  merry  laughter  on  the  night;  the  dip  and  plash  of  tVolic  oars. — 
These  tell  the  tale.      On  hill  and  dale  the  cities  pour  their  gay  and  fair; 
Along  the  sapphire  lake  they  sail,  and  tiuatf  like  wine  the  balmv  air. 

'Tis  well.     Oi  yore  from  isle  and  shore  the  smoke  of  hulian  teepeest  rose; 

The  liunter  plieil  the  silent  t)ar ;   the  forest  lav  in  still  repose. 

The  moon-faced  maid,  in  leaty  glade,  her  warrior  waited  from  the  chase; 

The  nut-brown,  naked  children  played,  and  chased  the  gopher  on  the  grass. 

The  dap|)led  fawn,  on  wooded  lawn,  i)ee[)ed  out  upon  the  birch  canoe, 

Swift -gliding  in  the  gray  of  dawn  along  the  silent  waters  blue. 

In  yonder  tree  the  great   W'aiini-dii'X  securely  liuilt  her  spacious  nest; 

The  blast  that  swejit  the  land-locked  sea§  but  rocked  her  clamorous 

babes  \k>  rest. 
By  grassy  mere  the  elk  and  deer  ga/ed  on  the  hunter  as  he'i-ame; 
'^    M- tied  with  fear  from  bow  or  spear; — "so  wild  were  they  that   they  were 

t.  me. " 


'I  i'     ^,VlJI^h  luiiue  fur  tlie  mhiii.  ijLake  Superior. 

!":.ui  .;c.s.     *Wnmn-(lee — the  war-eagle  o^  the    Pakotas. 


'       ''\ 


MLWXETO.^KA. 


ll>3 


Ah,  binh  (anoe.  ami  hunter,  too.  have  long  forsaken  lake  and  shore: 
He  bade  his  lathers"  bones  adieu  and   turned  away  torevermore. 
Hut  still,    niethinks.  on  dusky  brink>  the  .-pirit  ot"  the  warrior  moves; 
At  (  rystal  si)rings  the  hunter  drinks,    and  niyhtly  haunts  the  spot  he  love-.. 
For  oft  at  niglit   I  see  the  light  of  lodge  tire>  on  the  >iiadouy  ^llores. 
And  hear  the  wail  some  maiden's  sprite  above  her  -laughtered  warrior  jiours. 
I  hear  the  sob.  on  Si)irit  Knob.-'-  of  Indian  mother  o'er  her  (  hild  ; 
And  on  the  midnight  waters  throb  her  low  )//;/-//,•-//,■•,<+  weird  and  wild. 
And  sometimes,  too,  the  light  canoe  glides  like  a  shadow  o'er  the  deei> 
At  midnight,  when  the  moon  is  low.  and  all  the  sh.)res  are  hu>hed  in  >leep. 

Alas. — Alas: — for  all  things  pass;  and  we>hall  vanish,  too.  as  they; 
We  build  our  monuments  of  brass,  and  granite,  but  thev  wa>te  awav. 


*.Spirit-knol)  is  a  small  hill  up..n  a  p.jiiu  in  the  lake  in  lull  \  lew  fioin  Way/ata. 
The  spirit  of  a   I  )aUnta  mother,  whose  only  child   wa:,    drowned   in   the   lake  diiriiii;  a 
storm,  many,  many  years  aL;o,   often    wails  at    midnight   i~o  the   i)akota-  sayK  on    lhi^ 
hill.     .So  they  called  it     //</-;/(/--<•<■/',/-:,.-,/,///— .Spirit-Kiiol...     ( I. iierally— little   hill   of 
tile  s]iirit.) 

+  I'ronounced    Ji-.v/-//,/!-//,/)'— the  exclamation  u-ed  hy  Dakota  women  in  tlieii  lament 
for  the  dead,  and  eqiiivalent  to  "woe-is-me." 


i 


NOTES, 


1  Called   in  the    hakota   tonmie  "  Hok  >ec-\vin-na  pee  \\'<>-han-|>ee" — 


m 


i! 


i 


\  iii;in>   I)an<e  (or  reast ). 

2  One  of  the  favorite  and  most  exciting  games  of  the  Dakotas  is  ball- 
I)laying.  A  >mooth  place  on  the  prairie,  or  m  winter,  on  a  fro/en  lake  or 
river,  is  chosen.  I",.i<  h  jilayer  has  a  sort  of  bat.  called  "  ra-kee-cha-|>se-cha. " 
about  thirty-two  inches  long  with  a  hooji  at  the  lower  end  four  or  five 
inihe--  in  <liameter,  interkued  witli  thongs  of  deer->kin.  forming  a  sort  of 
pocket.  With  the>e  bats  they  catc  h  and  throw  the  ba'I.  Stakes  are  >et 
as  bounds  at  a  con>iderable  distance  from  the  centre  on  either  >ide.  Two 
parlies  are  then  formed,  and  each  chooses  a  leailer  or  chiet".  The  ball 
( Ta-pa )  is  then  thrown  up  half  wa\  between  the  boimd>  and  the  game 
begins,  the  contestants  contending  with  their  bats  for  the  ball  a>  it  falls. 
When  one  succeeds  in  getting  it  fairly  in  the  pocket  of  hi-«  l-at  he  swings 
it  aloft  and  throws  it  as  far  as  he  can  towards  the  bound  to  w  lich  liis  party 
is  working,  taking  care  to  send  it,  if  possi])le.  where  some  of  his  own  side 
will  take  it  uj*.  Thus  the  ball  is  thrown  and  contendeil  for  till  one  party 
succeeds  in  casting  it  beyond  the  bound  of  the  opposite  party.  A  hundred 
players  on  a  side  are  sometimes  engaged  in  this  exciting  game.  IJetting 
on  the  result  often  runs  high.  Moccasins.  pii)es.  knives,  hatchets,  blank- 
ets, robes  and  guns  are  hung  on  the  pri/e-pole.  Xot  unfrequently  horses 
are  staked  on  the  issue,  and  st)metimes  even  women.  Old  men  and 
mothers  are  among  the  spectators  praising  tlieir  >wit"t-tboted  sons,  and 
young  wives  and  maidens  are  there  to  stimulate  their  husban<ls  and  lovers. 
This  game  is  not  confined  to  the  warriors,  but  is  also  a  favorite  amuse- 
ment of  the  Dakota  maidens  who  generally  |>lay  for  prizes  offered  by  the 
chief  or  warriors.  (See  Xeill's  Hist.  .Minn..  i>i>  74-5:  Rigg>'  " Takoo 
Wakan. "  pp  44-5.  and  Mrs.  Eastman's  Dacotah.  \>  55. 


.yo'/Ks. 


3  I'rononncol  Wahv.ccyah.  The  god  of  the  North,  or  Winter.  A 
fal)Ic(l  >|>irit  who  «l\vclls  in  the  fro/cn  N'ortli.  in  a  j^reat  teepee  of  i(  e  ami 
snow.  From  his  mouth  and  no>triIs  he  lilows  the  < old  blasts  of  winter. 
He  anil  "Itti-ka-ga  Wi-cas-ta" — the  spirit  or  j;od  of  tlie  South  i  literall)' 
the  "South  .Man" '.  art*  inveterate  enemies,  and  always  on  the  war  patli 
against  each  other.  In  winter  \\'a/i -ya  advaiK  e>  xmthward  and  ihive< 
"I-toka-j^a  \Vi-ea->-ta"  before  him  to  the  Summer  Nlan(N.  I'lUt  in  Spiinj; 
the  god  of  the  .South,  having  renewed  liis  youth  and  strength,  in  tlie 
'"Hapjiy  Hunting  Ground.-^."  is  able  to  drive  \Va  /i  ya  back  again  to  hi>  i<  \ 
wigwam  in  the  \<>rth.  Some  I  )ak(Jtas  say  that  the  numerous  granite 
boulder-',  scattered  over  the  prairies  of  Minnesota  and  Pakota.  were 
hurled  in  battle  bv  \Va-/i-va  from  hi>  home  in  the  North  at  "  ltd  ka-ga 
Wi-<as-ta. "  The  \Va-/i-ya  of  the  hakotas  is  substantially  the  same  as 
'' Kti-i'i-l>on-ik-kii" — the  '"Winter-maker"  of  the  Ojibways. 

4  Mendota— 'meeting  of  the  waters  i  at  the  contluence  of  the  .\lissis>ip- 
pi  and  .Minnesota  rivers.     See    view  of   the  \aliey  -  front  cut.     The  true 
Dakota  word  is  .Mdo-te — applied  to  tiie  moulli  of   a  river  flowing  int(j  an 
other, — al>o  to  the  outlet  of  a  lake. 

T  Pronounced   Wee-wah-stav:  literallv — a  beautiful  virgin,    or  woman. 

6  Cetan-wa-ka-wa-mani— ••He  who  shoots  pigeon-hawks  walking" — was 
the  full  Dakota  name  of  the  grandfather  of  the  ( elel)rated  'Tattle  Crow" 
(  ra-d-ya-te-dii-ta. — Hi>  Red  Peojilc)  who  led  his  warriors  in  the  terrible 
outbreak  in  Minnesota  in  1862 — 3.  The  ("hippewa>  called  the  grand- 
father "Ka  ka-kee" — crow  or  raven — from  his  war  badge,  a  crow->kin  :  and 
hence  the  French  traders  and  conrrlcrs  Jit  /><>!.<  called  him  '^ l\tit  Corbuju" 
— Little  Crow.  This  sobritjuet,  of  which  he  was  proud,  desc  ended  to  his 
sc)n.  Wakinyan  Tanka — I»ig  I'hunder.  who  succeeded  him  as  chief:  and 
from  l>ig  I'hunder  t<j  his  son  Ta-o-ya-te-dii-ta.  who  became  chief  on  the 
death  of  Wakinyan  Tanka.  These  several  "Little  Crows'  were  successively 
Chiefs  of  the  Light-foot,  or  Kapd/a  band  of  Dakotas.  Kapd/a.  the 
jirincipal  village  of  this  band,  was  (jriginally  located  (m  the  east  bank  of  the 
.Mississippi  near  the  site  of  the  city  of  St.  Paul.  Col.  .Minn.  Hist.  Soc, 
1864.  p.  2i).  It  was  in  later  years  moved  to  the  west  bank.  The  grandtather. 
whom  I,  for  short,  call  Wakawa.  died  the  death  of  a  l)ravein  battle  again>t 
the  Ojibways  (commonly  tailed  Chippewas) — the  hereditary  enemies  of  the 


IL'I. 


AOTflS. 


|);ik(»t.\s.  Wakinvaii  'r;'iiik,i.  —  Mi.:,'  Thunder,  was  killed  by  the  accidental 
di><  harue  ot'his  (iwn  i;nn.  'I'hey  were  both  buried  witli  their  kinched  near 
the  "Wakan  'leepee.  "  iho  sacred  Cave — (  Can-er's  Cave  >.  Ta  d  ya-te-dii-ta, 
the  last  of  the  I  iltle  Crows.  \va>  killetl  July  3.  1.S63.  near  Hutchinson, 
Minne>ota.  I)y  one  F.amson.  and  his  bones  were  duly  "done  ii|i"  tor  the 
Historical  So(  iety  ot'  Minnesota.  For  a  part  ol'  the  forej^oing  inlorniation 
I  am  indebted  to  ( ien.  H.  H.  Sibley.  See  Heanl's  Hi>t.  Sion\  War.  and 
\ciir>  I  list.  Minnesota,    i'hird  l*'.dition. 

7  Har|i>  te-nah.  'ihe  firstborn  //(///;,'///<•/- ol' a  I  )ak(jta  is  called  Winona; 
theseiond.  Ilarpen;  the  third.  Harpstina:  the  fourth.  Waska:  the  filth. 
Weharka.  The  fn>t  born  .»('//  is  called  Cha>ke:  the  second,  Harpam;  the 
third,  llapeda:  tlv.'  fourth.  Chatun :  the  fit'th.  Harka.  They  retain  these 
names  till  others  are  gi\en  them  on  account  of  some  action.  i)eculiarity.  etc. 
The  females  often  retain  their  child-names  through  life. 

S  \\'ah-i)ah-sah  was  the  hereilitary  name  of  a  long  and  ilhistrious  line  of 
I  >akota  Chiefs.  Wabashaw  is  a  corrupt  pronor.ncialion.  The  name  is  a 
contraction  of  "Wa-pa  ha  >a. ""  which  is  tVom  "Wa-ha-pa. "  the  standard  or 
pole  used  in  the  1  >akota  dances,  and  upon  which  feathers  of  various  colors 
are  tied,  and  not  from  "W.'i-pa" — leaf  or  leaves,  as  has  been  generally  sup- 
posed. Therefore  AN'apasa  mean>  the  Standard — and  not  the  "'  Leaf  Shaker, " 
a>  many  wiiter>  have  it.  The  principal  village  of  these  hereditary  Chiefs  was 
Ke  uk->a,  or  Ke  d  sa, — where  now  stands  the  fair  city  of  Winona.  Ke  lik- 
>a  signifies — 'The  \  illage  of  law-breakers;  so-calletl  because  this  band  broke 
the  law  or  custom  of  the  Dakotas  against  marrving  blood  relati\es  of  anv 
degree.  I  get  this  information  tVom  Rev.  Ste|»h«?n  R.  Riggs,  author  of  the 
1  )akota  (irammar  and  Dictionary.  "  Tiikt'o  IWikan."  ttxn.  Wapasa.  grand- 
tather  of  the  last  Chief  of  tiuit  name,  and  a  contemporary  of  Cetan-Wa-ka- 
wa-m;ini.  was  a  notetl  Chiet".  and  a  friend  of  the  Hriti>li  in  the  war  t)f  the 
Re\i)liition.      Xeill's  Hist.  Minn.,  pp.  2J5 — 9. 

()  IMid.  K-td — Kxclamations  of  surprise  and  delight. 

10  Mah-gah — 'The  wild-goose. 

1 1  'Tee-pee — .\  lodge  or  wigwam,  ot'ien  contracted  to  "tee." 
\2  Pronounced  Mahr-pee-yah-dod-tah — literally.  Cloud  Red. 

15  Pronounced  Wahnmdee — 'The  War-Kagle.      Kacli  feather  worn  by  a 
warrior  represents  an  enemy  slain  or  captured — man.  woman  or  child;  but 


yOTES. 


the  I)jkota>.  before  tlioy  Ijlc  anic  desperate  under  the rriicl  warfare  <»f  tlieir 
cnemie-.  generally  spa-ed  the  live>  of  their  (aptives.  and  never  killed 
women  oi  infants.  excei)t  in  rare  iii>tance>.  under  the  /tx  taliotiis.  Xeiirs 
Hist.  Minn.,  p.   112. 

14  -Mah-to— The  polar  h<i:\x~iirsus  iiuvUimus.  The  Dakotas  say  that, 
\r\  olden  times,  white  hears  were  often  found  about  Rainy  Lake  and  the 
I.ake  of  the  Wood-,,  in  winter,  and  sometimes  as  far  H.>uth  a>  the  mouth  of 
the  Minne-<»ta.  Tliey  sav  one  was  once  killed  at  White  f!ear  Lake,  but 
a  i^v:  miles  from  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis;,  and  they  theref..re  name<l  the 
lake  -Mcdc-  .\fat6— White  Hear  Lake. 

15  I  he  Ho  he  (H(3hdy)  are  the  .\ssiniboins  or  "Stone-roaMers. "' 
Their  home  i>  the  region  of  tlie  .Assjniboin  river  in  Uritish  .America. 
They  sjKrak  the  Dakota  tongue,  and  originally  were  a  band  of  that  nation. 
Tradition  <iys  a  Dakota  "Helen"  wa>  the  <  ause  of  the  separation  and  a 
bloixly  i%:\\iS.  that  lasted  for  many  year-.  Tlie  Hohes  are  called  "Stone 
roaster^."  Ijecause.  until  recently  al  lea>t.  they  used  "Wa-ta-pe'"  kettles  and 
ve>sel>  made  of  birch  bark  in  which  they  (ooked  their  food.  They  boiled 
water  in  these  vessels  by  heating  stones  an<l  puttmg  them  :n  the  water. 
The  -wi-ta-|»e"  kettle  is  made  of  ihe  fibrous  roots  of  the  »vhite  cedar,  in- 
terlaced and  lightly  woven.  When  the  vessel  i>  >oaketl  it  be<omcs  water- 
tight.    [SnellingV]  Tales  of  the  Xortli  west,  p  jr.  .M.icken/ie's  Travels. 

16  Hey-o-ka  is  one  of  the  i)riiiripal  1  )akota  deities.  He  is  a  (iiant.  but 
can  chinge  himself  into  a  buffalo,  a  bear,  a  fish  or  a  bird.  He  is  called 
the  -Xnts-natural  (;o(l  or  Spirit.  In  summer  he  shivers  with  cold,  in  winter 
he  suffers  from  heat :  he  (  ries  when  he  laughs  and  he  laughs  when  he  cries. 
&c.  He  is  the  reverse  of  nature  in  all  things.  Heydka  is  universally  feared 
and  rei-erenced  by  the  Dakotas,  but  so  severe  is  the  ordeal  that  the 
Heyoka  Waci'pee  (the  (\\wvk:  to  Heyoka)  is  now  rarely  celebrated.  It  is 
said  that  the  "Medicine  men  "  use  a  secret  preparation  which  enables  them 
to  handle  fire  and  dip  their  hands  in  boiling  water  without  injurv,  and 
thereby  gain  great  ccIat  from  the  uninitiated.  'I'he  chiets  and  the  leading 
warriors  u-ually  l)eIongto  the  secret  order  of  "Medicine-men,"  or  "Sons  of 
I'nkiehee" — the  .Spirit  of  the  Waters. 

17  The  Dakota  name  for   the  moon  is   Han-ve-tu-wee— literallv.  Xiiiht- 
Sun.     He  is  the  twin  Itrotherof  An-pe-tu-wee— the  Day  Sun.     See  note  70. 


f 


I  '2fi 


AOY/'S. 


.:' 


iS  I'hc  l>ak(iUi>  l)clit\c  ill  It  \\k-  >l;ii>  arc  ihc  >|iiiil>  nf  (licii  ilcpaitcd 
fric'inls. 

K;   Tct.'     ( 'onlracU'd  t'loiii  tcc| )(.•(.'.  lotl^c  or  w  i^u  am.  and  iiuMii-^  \hc  >aiiic. 

JO  I'or  dl  tliL'ir  >a(rcd  fca>t^  the  l)ak(»ta^  kindli-  a  new  Imc  calk-d  "Tlic 
\'irnin  Idii'. "  'I'lii^  >  dDnc  with  Mint  ami  trcl.  or  liy  ruhbiiiy;  toj^ctliL-r 
pift  cs  ot"  wood  till  friction  [irodiito  lire,  it  nui->i  he  done  by  a  virgin, 
nor  ninst  any  woman,  cxi-cpt  a  sirt^in.  ever  torn  li  the  ">acrcd  armor"  of  a 
|)akota  warrior.  White  (  ctlar  is  "W'akan"  — -^ai  red.  Sec  note  50.  I\igg>' 
"Tahkoo  Wakan."  \k  S 4. 

2\  All  Noiihern  Indians  consider  the  l'.a>t  ,1  my-.lrrioii'>  and  >a(ied  hmd 
wh.MH  e  ( ome^  the  sun.  The  l)akota  name  for  the  l'!ast  is  Wee  so-hce  yan  pa 
— the  sunrise.  'I'he  ()jil)Wiiys  call  it  W.iiil)  d  noni;  the  white  land  or  land 
of  lij^Iit.  and  liiey  have  many  myths,  lej^ends  and  traditioii->  relating;  thereto, 
liarbaroiis  peoples  of  all  time-,  have  regarded  the  l';a>t  with  Miperstitious 
re\erence.  simply  because  the  sun  rises  in  that  ipiarter. 

J 2  .Sec  Mrs.  i*^astman"s  Dacoiah,  pp.  J25-S.  iler^iribing  the  l"ca>t  to 
Hcydka. 

2,^  This  stone  from  which  the  Dakotas  ha\e  made  their  jiiijcs  for  ages, 
is  esteemed  "wakan"  >acred.  They  call  it  I  \an  ^ka.  prol')al)ly  from 
"I'ya,"  to  speak,  and  "ska. "  white,  trutht'ul,  peai  eful,  heni  e,  peace-pipe, 
herald  of  peace,  pledge  of  iruth.  etc.  In  the  cabinet  at  .\lbany,  .\.  \'., 
there  is  a  very  aiK-ient  pi|)e  of  this  material  which  the  Iro(|uois  obtained 
from  the  1  )akotas.  Charlevoix  ^|)eaks  of  this  pi|)e-stone  n  his  I  listory  of 
New  [''ranee.  LeSiieur  relers  to  the  N'anktons  as  the  \illage  of  the  1  )a- 
kotas  at  the  Ked-Stonc  (Juarry.     See  Xeill's  Hist.    .Minn.,  p.  514. 

24  "Ho"  is  an  exclamation  of  approval  --_\ea.  ves.  bravo. 

25  IJuying  is  the  honora'.ile  wav  of  taking  a  wife  among  the  Dakotas. 
The  proposed  husbantl  usually  gives  a  horse  or  its  value  in  other  articles 
to  the  father  or  natural  guardian  of  the  woman  selected — sometimes  against 
her  will.     See  note  75. 

26  The  Dakotas  believe  that  the  Aurora  f^ortiilis  is  an  evil  omen  and 
the  threatening  of  an  evil  spirit,  ( perhai)s  W'a/i'ya.  the  N\'inter-god — s(jme 
say  a  witch,  or  a  very  ugly  old  woman).  When  tiie  lights  api)ear,  danger 
threatens,  and  the  warriors  shoot  at.  ..nd  often  slay,  the  evil  spirit,  but  it 
rises  from  the  dead  again. 


.vo/Z'S. 


|-J!» 


Kigg''' 


j;  Sc  M)  kali      riif  kdbiii. 

2S  'I'he  S|iirit  dI  Aiiiu'lii  >,i|i.i  ih.il  liaiiiit->  iIk'  l\ilU  uf  St.  Aiilliony  willi 
Ir'I  iIiM(l  l»al)f  in  lici  arms.  Si'i-  tlu:  l.cyciul  in  Nt-iir^  lli>.t.  Minn.,  or  niy 
"Legend  ot  ilu'  I'.ills.  " 

ji)  Mc'i'  (  (itink  ^lu't.'     .\Iy  ilaii^liu-r. 

.^o 'I'lic  l)al<i)ta>,  (all  llu'  nirU-nr.  "  Wak.in  ik'nda"  ( lacn-il  liri")  and 
\Vakan-\V()hi|»a  (sacred  j^il'l.  i  Meteors  mc  niesseiij^crs  from  the  l.andul' 
Spirits.  warniML;  .)f  im|iendiii^  danger.  It  i>  a  t  inimis  t'ai  t  that  the  "sacred 
stone"  of  the  .MolKiiniUL'dans.  in  tlu'  Kaaiia.it  .\leica.  is  a  meteoric  sloi\e, 
and  o!<iains  its  sacred  charai  ler  liom  llie  l.u  t  tli.ii  it  fell  from  iieavi-n. 

.?!  Kah  n()  te  dalm  -  I'iu'  lilllr.  mysterious  (hveller  in  llie  \\oo(U,  Thj-, 
spirit  h\  es  ni  ihi'  ioii'sl  in  iiollow  tri'cs.  Mrs.  l';,i>lni,ni'->  D.uoi.ih.  \'i\-. 
Kem.  xwi.  "I'lie  |)akota  god  ot"  the  woods  an  nnknoun  .inimal  said  to 
resemi)le  a  ni.m.  wliic  h  ihi'  I  )akotas  worship:  peih.ip-..  the  monkes. " 
Kiggs'  |)akot.i  hie.    Tit-    dtiiotiJivi. 

Ji  Tlie  l)akotas  heheve  that  liiimder  is  prodnced  1)\  the  llapping  of  the 
wings  ol'  an  immense  bird  whicii  they  <  ill  \\'akin)an  tlie  Thunder  hird. 
Near  the  somce  of  the  .Minnesota  River  is  a  place  called  "'I'lnnuler-'l  racks" 
wheri!  the  loot  prints  of  a  "'i'liinider-bird  "  are  seen  on  the  rocks  twenty  fi\e 
miles  ap;i:t.  .Mrs.  I'.astman's  Dae olah.  p.  71.  riien-are  man)' Thimder 
hiids.  The  father  of  all  the  riiunder  birds  "Wakinyan  Tanka"— or  "I5i'r 
'rimnder,  '  has  his  lee|iet'  on  a  lofty  mountain  in  the  tar  West.  His  te.  pee 
has  fom-  openings,  at  each  of  which  is  a  sentinel;  at  the  east,  a  biitlerll\-; 
at  tlie  west,  a  bear;  at  the  south,  a  red  deer;  at  the  north,  a  caribcju.  Ife 
has  a  bitter  enmity  against  Inktehee  1  god  of  waters;  and  often  shoots  his 
fiery  arrows  at  him.  and  hits  the  earth,  trees,  roc  ks.  and  sometimes  men. 
Wakinyan  created  wild-iice,  the  bow  ;uul  arrow,  the  toni.ihauk  and  the 
spe;ir.  He  is  a  great  war  spirit,  and  W;inm(lee  (.the  war-eagle)  is  his  mes- 
senger. .V 'l"huiiderd)ird  (  sa\-  the  |).d<otas  !  was  once  killed  near  Kapci/a 
by  the  sou  of  Cetan-W'akawa-mani.  and  he  there  upcjii  took  the  ii;ime  of 
"Wakinyan  Tanka"-" Jiig  Thunder.  ' 

3J  I'roiiounced  Tah-tahn-kah— iiison  or  liuflalo.  . 

34  Kndh — .\n  exclamation  of  wonder.      \^^\(^ — lieholdl   see  there.' 

35  The  C'rees  are  the  Knisteneaux  of  .Me.xaiuler  .Mackenzie.     See  his  ac- 
count of  them,  Alacken/ie's  'I'ravels,  (  London   iSoi  )  p.  xc  i  to  c\ii. 

H 


I 


130 


NOTES. 


36  Lake  Superior.  The  only  names  the  Dakotas  have  for  Lake  Siii)er- 
ior  are  Mede  'lYmka  or  Tanka  iXfedL?  -(Ireat  ],ake,  and  Me  ne-ya-ta — liter- 
ally, At-thc-Watcr. 

37  April — l-iteral'y,  the  moon  when  the  geese  lay  eggs.     See  note  71. 

3S  Carver's  CJave  at  St.  Paul  was  called  b)- the  Dakotas  "\\'akan  Tee- 
pee"— sacred  lodge.  In  the  days  that  are  no  more,  they  lighted  their 
Council-fires  in  this  cave,  and  buried  their  dead  near  it.  See  Neill's  Hist. 
Minn.,  p.  207.  Capt.  (Jarver  in  his  Tra^'t'ls,  London,  177.S,  p.  63,  ct.  secj., 
describi;s  this  cave  as  follows :  "It  is  a  remarkable  cave  of  an  ama/ing 
depth.  The  Indians  term  it  ^Vakon-teel)e,  that  is,  the  Dwelling  of  the 
(Ireat  Spirit.  The  entrance  into  it  is  about  teri  feet  wide,  the  height  of  it 
five  feet,  the  arch  within  is  near  fifteen  feet  high  and  about  thirty  feet 
broad.  The  bottom  of  it  consists  of  fine  clear  sand.  About  twenty  feet 
from  the  entrance  begins  a  lake,  the  water  of  which  is  transparent,  and  ex- 
tends to  an  unsearchable  distance;  for  the  darkness  of  the  cave  prevents 
all  attempts  to  accpiire  a  knowledge  of  it.  I  threw  a  small  pebble  towards 
the  interior  parts  of  it  with  my  utmost  strength,  i  could  hear  that  it  fell 
into  the  water,  and  notwithstanding  it  was  of  so  small  a  si/.e,  it  caused  an 
astonishing  ar.d  horrible  noise  that  reverberated  through  all  those  gloomy 
regions.  I  found  in  this  cave  many  Indian  hieroglyphics,  which  appeared 
very  anc'ent,  fi)r  time  had  nearly  covered  \\\vw\  with  moss,  so  that  it  was 
with  difficulty  1  could  trace  them.  'I'hey  were  cut  in  a  rude  manner  upon 
the  inside  of  the  walls,  which  were  composed  of  a  stone  so  extremely  soft 
that  it  might  be  easily  penetrated  with  a  knife:  a  stone  everywhere  to  be 
found  near  the  Mississijjpi.  This  cave  is  only  accessible  by  ascending  a 
narrow,  steep  passage  that  lies  near  the  brink  of  the  ri\er.  At  a  little  dis- 
tance from  this  dreary  cavern  is  the  burying-place  of  several  bands  of 
the  Naudowessie  (Dakota)  Indians."  Many  years  ago  the  roof  fell  in, 
but  the  ca\e  has  been  i)artially  restored  and   is  now  used  as  a  beer  cellar. 

39  Wah-kahn-dee — 'i'he  lightning. 

40  The  Ijloody  Kiver — the  Red  River  was  so-called  on  account  of  the 
numerous  Intlian  battles  that  have  been  fought  on  its  banks.  The  Chip- 
l)ewas  say  that  its  waters  were  colored  red  by  the  blood  of  many  warriors 
slain  on  its  banks  in  the  fierce  wars  between  themselves  and  the  Dakotas. 

41  Tah — 'l"he  Moose.     'I'his  is  the  root-word  fi)r  all  ruminating  animals; 


NOTES. 


i;u 


J  71. 
n  Tce- 


'l";i  kuika,  Ijiilfalo — 'i'a-tcika,  moiintctin  antelope — Ta  hinca,  ihc  letl-dccr  — 
'ra-indoka,  the  buck-deer —Ta-liinca-ska,  whilecleer  (sheep). 

42  Mogahn — l'"ish.      ^Ktd  Hogan,  the  Innit. 

4,^  'ril)sanna  (often  called  lips'unia),  is  a  wild  prairie  tuini])  used  for  food 
by  the  Dakotas.  It  grows  on  high,  (hv  land,  and  increases  from  year  to 
year.      It  is  eaten  l)Oth  cooked  and  raw. 

44  Rio  Tajo,  (or  Tagus),  a  river  of  S|)ain  and  Portugal. 

45  ■'"       *       *        "'        "  liees  of  Trebi/.ond  — 
\\'hich  from  tjie  sunniest  (lowers  that  glad 
With  their  |)ure  srnile  the  gardens  round, 
Draw  venom  forth  that  drives  men  mad." 

—  Thomas  Moore. 

46  .Skee-skah     I'he  Wood-duck. 

47  The  Crocus.  I  have  seen  the  prairies  in  Minnesota  spangled  with 
these  beautiful  flowers  in  various  colors  before  the  ground  was  entirely  free 
from  frost.     The  Dacotas  call  them  frost-flowers. 

48  The  "Sacred  Ring"  around  the  feast  of  the  \'irgins  is  formed  by 
armed  warriors  sitting,  and  none  but  a  \irgin  must  enter  this  ring.  The 
warrior  who  knows  is  bound  on  honor,  and  by  old  and  sacred  custom, 
to  expose  and  publicly  tlenounce  any  tarnished  maiden  who  dares  to  enter 
this  ring,  and  his  word  can  not  be  (piestioned — even  by  the  chief.  See 
Mrs.  lOastman's  Dacotah,  p.  64. 

49  Prairie's  Pride. — This  annual  shrub,  which  abounds  on  many  of  the 
sandy  prairies  in  Minnesota,  is  sometimes  called  "tea-i)lani, "  "sage-plant," 
and  "red-root  willow."  I  doubt  if  it  has  anv  botanic  name.  Its  Vnv 
l)lunies  of  purple  and  gold  are  truly  the  "pride  of  tiie  prairies." 

50  The  Dakotas  consider  white  cedar  "Wakan.  "(  sacred  ).  They  use 
sprigs  of-  it  at  their  feasts,  and  often  burn  it  to  destrov  (he  power  of  evil 
si)irits.      Mrs.  I'lastman's  Dacotah.  |).  210. 

51  Tahkoo-skahng-skahng.  This  deit}-  is  supjiosed  to  l)e  invisible,  yet 
everywhere  present:  he  is  an  avenger  and  a  searcher  of  hearts.  ( .Veill's 
Hist.  Minn.,  j).  57.)  1  suspect  he  was  the  (liief  spirit  of  the  Dakota^, 
before  the  missionaries  imported  "Wakan  Tanka" — ((ireat  Spirit). 

52  The    Dakotas  believe  in  "were  wolves"  as  firmly  as   did   our  Saxon 


&;> 


I  :\-2 


Norr.s. 


ancestors  and  lor  similar  reasons     the  howl  of  the  wolf  being  otten  imitated 
as  a  decoy  or  signal  by  their  enemies,  the  Ojibways. 
5_^  Shee-sh()-kah- The  Kobin. 

54  The  Dakotas  call  the  livening  Star  the  "  /'//x///  Sfar,"  and  believe  it 
to  be  the  spirit  of  the  virgin  wronged  at  the  least. 

55  Milk;  l.acs.  This  lake  was  discove'X-d  by  Dul.nth.  and  by  him  named 
l.a<'  Hiiade,  in  honor  of  (Governor  I'njntenac  of  ('anada,  whose  family 
nanu' was  liiiade.     The  Dakota   name  for   it  is   Mde  Wakan     Spirit  Lake. 

50  The  Ojibways  imitate  the  hoot  of  tlie  owl  and  the  howl  of  the  wolf 
to  perfection,  and  often  use  tlicse  cries  as  signals  to  each  other  in  war  and 
the  chase. 

57  The  Dakotas  called  tin-  Ojibways  the  "Snakes  of  the  l'"orest,"on 
account  of  their  Iving  in  ambush  for  their  enemies. 

58  Strawberries.      5(;  See  yo- -The  I'rairie  hen. 

60  iMahgah — 'I'he  Wihbgoose.  /''(>.\  pi/ps.  I  could  ne\er  see  tin-  pro- 
priety of  calling  the  young  of  foxes  XvV.v  or  kitfr/is,  which  mean  ////A'  rats. 
'I"he  fo\  belongs  to  the  nr/z/s,  or  dog  family,  and  not  the /(/A',  or  cat  family. 
Tf  it  is  projjer  to  call  the  young  of  dogs  and  wolves  /"///>.*'.  it  i>  eipially 
|)roper  to  so  call  the  young  of  foxes. 

61  When  a  Dakota  is  sick  he  tiiinks  the  sjtirit  of  an  eneniy  or  some  ani- 
mal has  entered  into  his  bod),  and  the  principal  business  of  die  "medicine- 
man"—  Wicasfn  ll'a/cdii  is  to  cast  out  the  "tmclean  spirit,"  with  incanta- 
tions and  (hainis.  See  Neill's  Hist.  Minn.,  pp.  66  S.  The  Jews  enter- 
tained a  similar  belief  in  the  days  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth. 

U2  Wall  /ee  yah's  star — The   North-star.      See  note  ,^. 

(•)T,  The  Dakotas,  like  our  l"orefathcrs  and  all  other  barbarians,  beliexe  in 
witches  and  witclicraft. 

6.4.  The  Medo  is  a  wild  potato;  it  resembles  the  sweet-potato  in  top  and 
taste.  It  grows  in  bottomlands,  and  is  much  i)ri/ed  by  the  Dakotas  for 
food.     The  "  Dakota  Friend,"  l"or  December,  1S50. 

65  'I'he  meteor — Wakan-deiuki — Sacred  (Ire. 

66  Meetahwin — My  bride. 

67  Stoke — The  body  of  a  tree.  This  is  an  oKl  iMiglisli  word  of  Saxon 
origin,  now  changetl  to  sfor/^. 


NOT/uS. 


133 


6,S  'I'lic  rid  /.iicfid  in  Milky  Way.  Tlic  I  )ak()tas  ( ;ill  it  llnniji^rt-  V'itt/i- 
(Vihii — The  palli  way  of  the  spirits;  and  bclicx  e  tiiat  ovci  this  path  the  spirits 
of  the  (lead  i)ass  to  tlie  Spirit  land.      See  Kii^K^'   Tah  koo  W'ah  kan,  p.   roi. 

69  ( )()ii-Ktay-he.  Tliere  are  many  Unkte'hees.  children  of  tht-  (.real 
Ihiktehee,  who  created  the  earth  and  man.  and  wIk;  formerly  dwelt  in  a 
vast  cavern  under  the  l''alls  of  St.  Anth  )ny.  The  l^nktehee  sometimes 
re\eals  himself  in  the  form  of  a  lni,ife  huffalo-btill.  From  him  proceed  in- 
vi>il)le  influences.  'I'he  (Jreat  I'nktehee  «  realed  the  enrth.  ".\>seml)Iint^ 
in  j^rand  conclave  all  the  aipiatic  tribes  he  ordered  them  to  brini;  up  dirt 
from  beneath  the  waters,  and  ])roclaimed  death  to  the  disobedient.  The 
beaver  and  otter  forfeited  their  li\es.  .\t  last  the  muskrat  went  beneath 
the  waters,  and,  after  a  lonj;  time,  appeared  at  the  surface,  nearly  exhaii.st- 
ed,  with  some  dirt.  l'"rom  this,  I'nktehee  fashioned  the  earth  into  a  larj^c 
circular  plain.  'I'he  earth  beinn  finished,  he  took  a  deity,  one  of  his  own 
offsprinj^f,  and  urindin^  him  to  powder,  sprinkled  it  upon  the  earth,  and  this 
produced  many  worms.  The  worms  were  then  ( ollected  and  s(  altered 
again.  They  matured  into  infants  and  these  were  then  collected  and  scat- 
tered and  became  full  grown  I  )akotas.  'i'he  bones  of  the  mastodon,  the 
Dakotas  think  are  the  bones  of  (  nktc'liees,  and  they  preserve  theiir  with 
the  greatest  care  in  the  medicine  bag. "  Xeill's  Hist.  Afinn..  p.  55.  The 
I'Uklehees  and  the  Thunder  birds  are  perpetually  at  war.  There  are  \ari- 
(His  accounts  of  the  creation  of  man.  .Some  say  that  at  the  bidding  of  the 
(ireal  I'nktehee,  men  sprang  full  grown  from  the  caverns  of  the  earth. 
See  Riggs'  "'I'ah  koo  Wahkan.  and  Mr>.  Ivistman's  I  );i(()tah.  'I'he  (ireat 
I'nktehee  ;nid  the  (Ireat  Thunder-bird  had  a  terrible  battle  in  the  IxnveK 
of  the  earth  to  determine  which  should  be  the  ruler  of  the  world.  See 
description  in  Legend  of  Winona. 

70  Pronounced  .\hng  pay-too  wee  The  Sim  :  literally  the  Day-Sun.  thus 
distinguishing  him  from  llan-\e-tiiwee  1  Hahng  \  i\-too-\\ee  i  the  night  >un. 
(the  moon).  They  are  twin  brothers,  but  .\n|)elu\\ee  i>  the  more  power 
fill.  Han-yt' tuwee  receixes  hi>  power  trom  his  brother  and  oi)L'\>him. 
He  watches  over  the  earth  while  the  >\\\\  sleeps.  The  hakotas  l,>elieve  the 
sun  is  the  father  of  lite.  I'nlike  the  most  of  their  other  gods,  he  is  benefi- 
cent and  kind;  yet  lheyworshi|)  him  (in  the  sun  dance)  in  the  most  dread- 
ful manner.      See  Riggs'  "Takhoo  Wakan."  pp.  81-2.  and    Citlin's  "Okee- 


134 


NOTES. 


]».i. "  'I'lic  moon  is  worshipped  as  the  representative  of  the  snn ;  and  in  tlie 
great  Sun  (hmce,  which  is  usually  held  in  the  full  of  the  moon,  when  the 
moon  rises  the  dancers  turn  their  eyes  on  her  (or  him),  .\npetuwee  issues 
every  mornini^  from  the  lodge  of  Man-nan-na  (the  Morning)  ami  begins  his 
journey  over  the  sky  to  his  lodge  in  the  land  of  shadows.  Sometimes  he 
walks  over  t)n  the  Mridge  (or  path)  of  the  Spirits — Wanagee  Ta-chan-ku, — 
and  sometimes  he  sails  over  the  sea  of  die  skies  in  his  shining  canoe;  hut 
soDU'luno,  and  the  Dakolas  do  not  ex|)lain  how.  he  gets  hack  again  to  the 
lodge  of  Hannanna  in  time  to  take  a  nap  and  eat  his  hreakfast  hefore 
starting  anew  on  his  journey.  The  Dakotas  swear  hy  the  sun.  ''As  Anpc- 
tii-Kicc  luars  iiu\  this  is  true .'"  They  call  him  I-'ather  and  pray  to  him 
— '' W'likan!  Ate.  on-slicmadn."  "Sacred  Spirit. — l"'ather.  have  mercy  on 
me."  .As  the  Sun  is  the  fadier.  so  they  helieve  tlie  F2arth  is  the  mother,  of 
life,  'i'rulv  diere  is  much  philosophy  in  the  I  )akota  mythology.  Tlie  Al- 
gonkins  <all  the  earth  ''  hfc-suk-kinn  iitik  o  k'n'ii'^ — the  great  grandmother  of 
all.      Narrative  of  John  Tanner,  p.   kj:;. 

71  The  Dakotas  reckon  their  months  hy  moons.  They  name  their  moons 
from  natural  circumstances.  They  corresponil  very  nearly  with  our  months, 
as  follows : 

January — -Wee  te  rhee  The  Hard  Moon.  i.  e — the  cold  moon. 

I'"el)ruary    -W'ee-ca-ta -wee    The  Coon  Moon. 

.March — Ista-wee  ca-va/anLr-wee — the  sjre-eves  moon  (from  snow  blind- 
ness. ) 

.\pril — -Maga-oka-da-wee — •themot)n  when  the  geese  lay  eggs  ;  also  called 
Wokada-wee — egg -moon,  and  sometinv,  s  Wato-papee-wee,  the  cant)e-m()on, 
or  moon  when  the  streams  become  free  from  ice. 

May  -  \\'d-/u  pee  wee — the  planting  moon. 

June--\\'a/u-ste-ca-sa-wee — the  strawberry  moon. 

July — Wa-sun-pa-wee — moon  when  the  geese  >hed  their  feathers,  also 
called  Chang-jKi  sa|)a-wee — Choke ''herry  moon,  and  sometimes — -.Mna- 
rcha-rcha-wee — "  I'he  moon  of  the  red-blooming  lilies, "  literally,  the  red- 
lily  moon. 

August    -Wasii-ton-wee — tb.e  ripe  moon  i.  e.   ilarxest  Moon. 

September — I'sin-na-ke-tu-wee — the  ripe-rice  moon. 

(October — \\'a-/.u-pee-wee  or  \\'ee-w-a/u-pee — th^'  moon  when  wild-rice  is 
gathered  antl  laid  up  for  winter. 


NOTES. 


I,..) 


iiul- 


;ils() 

na- 

rc-cl- 


ice  IS 


November — Ta-kee -yii-lira-wee — the  (kei-nitting  moon. 

|)ec<!ml)er — 'I'a-he-cha-psiiig-wee — the  moon  wlien  deer  shed  their  iiorns. 

72  ()(}nk-to-mee — is  a  "bad  >i)irit"  in  the  form  of  a  monstrous  bhick 
spider.  He  inhabits  tens  and  marshes  and  Hes  in  wait  tor  his  prey.  At 
night  he  often  hghts  a  torch  (evidently  the  ii:;itis  fii/inis  or  Jack-a-lantern ) 
and  swiiigs  it  on  liie  marslies  to  decoy  tiie  unwary  into  liis  toils. 

73  The  l)akt)tas  liave  tlieir  stone  idol,  or  god.  i-ailed  Toon-kan — or  In- 
yan.  This  god  dwells  in  stone  or  rocks  and  is,  they  say,  the  o/(/rst  ^^vd  0/ 
all — he  is  grandfather  of  all  living  things.  I  think,  however,  that  the  stone 
is  merely  the  symbol  of  the  everUisting.  all  pervading,  invisible  Takii  \]'a- 
kan — the  essence  of  all  life, — pervading  all  nature,  animate  and  inani- 
mate. The  Rev.  S.  R.  Kiggs  who,  for  torty  years,  his  been  a  student  of. 
Dakota  customs,  superstitions,  etc.,  says,  "'i'alikoo  W'ahkan,''  p.  55,  et  sr(|. 
"The  religious  faith  of  the  Dakota  is  not  in  his  gods  a>  such.  It  is  in  an  in- 
tangible, mysterious  something  of  which  they  are  only  the  embodinient, 
and  that  in  such  measure  and  degree  as  may  accord  with  the  indi\  idual 
fan^y  of  the  worshipper.  Kach  one  will  worshi])  some  of  these  di\inities, 
and  neglect  or  despise  others,  but  the  great  object  of  all  their  worship, 
whatever  its  chosen  medium,  is  the  Ta-hoo  Wahaiu  wliich  is  the  siipcniatih 
ral  and  )iivsti'rioiis.  .\o  one  term  can  express  the  full  meaning  v,^  the  Da- 
kota's \\\ihan.  It  comprehends  all  mystery,  secret  power  and  di\init\'. 
Awe  and  reverence  are  its  due,  and  it  is  as  uulinu'ted  in  n>anif -station  as  it 
is  in  idea.  All  life  is  IVdluvi;  so  also  is  everything  whi<h  exhibits  power, 
whether  in  action,  as  the  winds  and  drifting  clouds;  or  in  pa.ssive  endu- 
rance, as  the  boulder  by  the  wayside.  l""or  even  the  commonest  sticks  and 
stones  have  a  spiritual  essence  which  must  be  reverenced  as  a  manifesta- 
tion of  the  all-i)ervading.  mysterious  power  tliat  fills  the  the  universe." 

74  Wa/i-kute — \V'ah-/e-koo  tay  :  literally— I'iueshooicr. — he  that  siiools 
among  the  pines.  When  father  Hennepin  vva>  at  Mille  l.acs  in  i67(^  SO, 
Wa/i-kutc  was  the  head  Chief  (  ltan<an)  of  the  band  of  l>antee.s.  Henne- 
])in  writes  his  name — ( )uasicoude  and  translates  it — the  "Pierced  i'ine.'' 
See  Shea's  IIennei)in.  p.  2^4,  Minn.  Hist.  Coll.  vol.  1.  p.   ^ifi. 

75  When  a  Dakota  brave  wishes  to  "propose"  to  a  "duskv  maid."  he 
visits  iier  teei)ee  at  night  al'ter  she  has  retired,  or  rather,  laid  down  in  her 
robe  to  sleep.      He  lights  a  splinter  of  wood  and   holds  it  to  her  face.      If 


LIBRARY 

N  ATI  0  N  A  L  r/i  U  S  SU  M 


;JG 


NO'J'KS. 


she  l)l()ws  out  the  light,  he  is  accepted;  if  she  covers  her  head  and  lea\es 
it  burning,  he  is  rejected.  Ihe  rejection  ho\ve\er  is  not  considered  final 
till  it  has  been  thrice  repeated.  K\en  then  the  maiden  is  ot"ten  bought  of 
her  parents  or  guardian,  anil  forced  to  become  the  wife  of  the  re- 
jected suitor.  If  she  accepts  tlie  proposal,  still  tiie  suitor  must  buy  her  of 
her  parents  with  -.uitable  gifts. 

76  The  Dakotas  called  the  l-'alls  of  St.  .\nthony  the  Ila-Ila — the  loiiti 
hiu^^hin;j:;,  ov  roariti^i^.  I'he  >.rississippi  River  they  called  Hal  la  Wa-k|)a — 
River  of  the  i"'alls.  'I'he  Ojibway  name  for  the  l-'alls  is  Ka  ka-bih-kiing. 
Minnehaha  \>  1  '■oml-ination  of  two  Dakota  words  —  Mini— -water  and  Ha- 
Ha  ■  I'alls;   \,ui  it  i^  '    U   the  name  by  which  the    Dakotas  designated  that 

.cataract.  Somi  u,:.  lilies  say  they  called  it  !  ha-ha — pronounced  Iv 
rhali  rhah — lightlv  laughing.  Rev.  S.  \V.  I'ond,  whose  long  resilience  as  a 
missionary  amor  ,  iie  Dakoi  ;s  in  this  immediate  vicinity  makes  him  an 
authority  that  can  hardiy  bo  ipiL  ;i  'ied,"says  they  called  the  Kails  of  Min- 
nehaha "Mini-i-hrpa-yadan,"  and  it  had  no  other  name  in  Dakota.  It 
means  Little  Falls  and  nothing  else."      Letter  to  the  author. 

77  The  game  of  the  Plum-stones  is  one  of  the  favorite  games  of  tiie  Da- 
kotas. Menne[)in  was  the  first  to  describe  this  game  in  his  "  Descrii)tion 
de  la  Louisiane. "  Paris.  t6S?.  and  he  describes  it  verv  accuratelv.  See 
Shea's  translation)).  501.  The  Dakotas  call  this  'j^'AXWi^  Kan-soo  Koo-fay- 
pc — shooting  plum-stones.  I'^ach  stone  is  painted  black  on  one  side  and 
red  on  the  other;  on  one  side  they  grave  certain  figures  which  makes  the 
stones  "VVakan."  They  are  placed  in  a  dish  and  thrown  up  like  dice;  in- 
deed the  game  is  virtually  a  game  of  dice.  Hennepin  says:  "There  are 
some  so  given  to  this  game  that  they  will  gamble  away  even  their  great 
coat.  Those  who  conduct  the  game  cry  at  the  top  of  their  voices  when 
they  rattle  the  i)latter  and  they  strike  their  shoulders  so  liard  as  to  leave 
them  all  black  with  the  blows." 

78  Wa'tanka — contraction  ot  Wa  kan  Tanka — Cireat  Spirit.  The  Dako- 
tas had  no  Wakan  Tanka — or  Wakan-peta — fire  spirit — till  whitemeii  iiii- 
l)orted  them.  'I'here  being  no  name  for  \\\t  Supreme  Being  in  the  Dako- 
ta tongue  (excejit  Tanka  Wakan  — See  note  73) — and  all  their  gods  and 
spirits  being  Wakan — the  missionaries  named  (Jod  in  Dakota — "Wakan 
Tanka' — which  means  />'/,!,'  Spirit,  or  T/u'  /■>'ii;  M\'s(t'ri<>iis. 


NOTES. 


13; 


-An- 

ami 

the 

in- 

are 

jreat 

hen 

eave 

)ako- 
im- 

ako- 
and 

'akan 


79  The  Dakotas  called  Lake  Calhoun — Mde'-mdo/a — I-oon  Lake.  They 
also  called  it — Re-ya-ta-iiuic — the  lake  hack  tVoni  the  river.  They  called 
Lake  Harriet — Afde-unma — the  other  lake — or ,  i>erha[)s  )  Mde  lima — Ha- 
zel-nut Lake.  Tiie  lake  nearest  Calhoun  on  the  north — Lake  ot'the  Isles 
— they  called  Wi'ta  Mde — Island- Lake.  Lake  Minnetonka  they  called 
Me-me-a-tan-ka— /^/v'^/^/  Water. 

80  The  animal  called  by  the  l-'rench  voya^^etirs  the  rir/'ri  (the  kid)  is 
found  only  on  the  jnairies.  It  is  ot'  the  goat  kind,  smaller  than  a  deer,  and 
so  swift  that  neitiier  horse  nor  dog  can  overtake  it.  (Snelling's)  "Tales  of 
the  Northwest, "  p.  286,  note  15.  It  is  the  ga/elle.  or  prairie  antelo[)e, 
called  by  the  Dakotas  i'ato-ka-dan— little  antelope.  It  is  the  Pish  iah-tc- 
koosh  of  the  Algonkin  tribes,  "reckoned  the  fleetest  animal  in  the  prairie 
country  about  the  Assinneboin.  "  Captivity  and  Adventures  of  John  Tan- 
ner, p.  301. 

81  The  Wicastapi  \Vakani)i  (litefally.  int-n  supernatural)  are  the  "Medi- 
cine-men" or  Magicians  of  the  Dakotas.  I'hey  (all  themselves  the  sons 
or  disciples  of  I'nkfehee.  \\\  their  rites,  ceremonies,  tricks  and  preten- 
sions they  closely  resemble  the  Dactyli.  Iche  and  Curetes  of  the  ancient 
Greeks  and  Romans,  the  Magi  of  the  Persians,  and  the  Druids  of  iJritain. 
Their  pretended  intercourse  with  spirits,  their  powers  of  magic  and  divin- 
ation, and  their  rites  are  substantially  the  same,  and  point  immistakably  to 
a  common  origin.  The  Dakota  "Medicine-Man"  can  do  the  "rope-trick" 
of  the  Hindoo  magician  to  perfection.  The  teepee  used  for  the  IVakaii 
VVacipce — or  Sacred  Dance — is  called  the  IVakan  Tcepfc — the  Sacred  Tec- 
pee.  Carver's  Cave  at  St.  Paul  was  also  called  Wakan  Teepee,  because 
the  Medicine-men  or  magicians  often  held  their  dames  and  feasts  in  it. 
For  a  full  account  of  the  rites,  etc.,  see  Riggs'  "Tahk^jo  W'ahkan,  Chapter 
VT.  The  Ta-sha-kc — literally,  "Deer-hoofs"' — is  a  rattle  made  by  Iiau'Mng 
the  hard  segments  of  deer-hoofs  to  a  wooden  rod  a  foot  long — about  an 
inch  in  diameter  at  the  handle  end,  and  tapering  to  a  point  at  the  other. 
The  clashing  of  these  horny  bits  makes  a  sharp,  shrill  sound  something  like 
distant  sleigh-bells.  In  their  incantations  over  the  sick  they  sometimes 
use  the  gourd-shell  rattle. 

The  Chan-che-ga — is  a  drum  or  "Wooden  Kettle."  The  lioop  of  the 
drum  is  from  a  fot)t  to  eighteen  inches  in   diameter,  and  from  three  to  ten 

9* 


13S 


NOTES. 


inches  deep.  The  skin  lovering  is  strettlied  over  one  end.  making  a  drum 
with  one  end  only.  The  magicil  ihiini-sticks  are  ornamented  with  down. 
and  heads  of  birds  or  animal>  are  carved  on  them  This  makes  them 
Wakan. 

The  rtute  called  C/io-taiikit  (big  i>ith  i  is  of  two  varieties — one  made  of  su- 
mac, the  pith  of  which  is  punched  out.  etr.  The  second  variety  is  macle 
of  the  long  bone  (»f  the  wing  or  thigh  of  the  swan  or  crane.  They  call 
the  first  the  biibblni'  i/intdnkn.  from  the  tremulous  note  it  uives  when 
bU)wn  with  all  the  holes  stoppeil.      H^iggs'   Tahkoo  Wahkan.  p.  476.  et  sec]. 

E-ne-pee — vapor-bath,  is  used  as  a  purilication  preparatory  to  the  sacred 
feasts.  The  vapor  bath  is  taken  in  thi>  way:  "A  number  of  poles. 
the  si/.e  of  hoop-poles  or  less  are  taken,  and  their  larger  ends  being  set  in 
the  ground  in  a  circle,  the  riexible  tops  arc  bent  over  and  tied  in  the  centre. 
This  frame  work  is  then  covered  with  robes  antl  blankets,  a  small  hole  be- 
inir  let't  on  one  side  for  an  entrance.  Before  the  door  a  fire  is  built,  and 
round  stones,  about  the  si/e  of  a  man's  head,  are  heated  in  it.  When  hot. 
they  are  rolled  within,  and  the  door  being  closed,  steam  i>  made  by  pour- 
ing water  on  them.  The  devotee,  stripped  to  the  skin,  sits  within  this 
steam-tight  dome,  sweating  profusely  at  ever\  i)ore.  until  he  is  nearly  >uffo- 
cated.  Sometimes  a  number  engage  in  i";  together  and  unite  their  prayers 
ami  songs.""  Tahkoo  Wakan.'  p.  S3.  l-ather  Hennepin  was  subjected  to 
the  vai>or-bath  at  Mille  i.acs  by  Chief  A«[ui-i>a-iiue-tin.  two  hundred  years 
aijo.  After  des(  ribinu^  the  method.  Hennepin  savs:  "When  he  had  made 
me  sweat  thus  three  times  in  a  week,  I  felt  as  strong  as  ever.  "  .Shea's 
Hennepin,  p.  22S.  For  a  very  full  .uid  at  curate  account  of  the  Medicine- 
men of  the  I  )akotas,  ami  their  rites.  et( .,  see  ("luip.  II.  .XeilVs  Hist.  .Min- 
nesota. 

82  The  .sat  red  0-zu-ha — or  Medicine-sack,  must  be  matle  of   the  skin  of 

the  otter,  the  coon,  the  wea/el,  the  s([uirrel.  tlie  loon,  a  certain  kind  of  fish, 
or  the  skins  of  serpents.  It  must  contain  tour  kinils  of  medicine  (  or  magic ) 
representing  birds,  beasts,  herbs  anil  trees,  vi/ :  'I'he  down  of  the  female 
swan  colored  red.  the  roots  of  lertain  grasses,  bark  tVctm  the  roots  of  cedar 
trees,  and  hair  of  the  buH'alo.  "  Frym  this  combination  proceeds  a  Wa- 
kan influence  so  powerful  that  no  human  being,  unassisted,  can  resist  it." 
Wondert'ul  inileed  must  be  the  magic  power  of  these  Dakota  Druids  to 
leail    such    a    man  as  the   Rev.   S.    R.  Riggs  to  say  of  them:     "Uy  great 


N07ES. 


139 


shrewdness,  untiring  industry,  and  more  or  \v>'>o{  ncfNa/  itfuion/tjcnl /^ossfs- 
sicii,  tliey  convince  great  numbers  of  their  fellows,  and  in  tlie  process  are 
convinced  tlumst-hcs,  of  their  sacred  cliaracter  and  oftii  e.  "  Tahi^oo  \\ak- 
an,  pp.  SS— 1> 

Sj  ( iah-ma-na-tek-wahk —///<■  r'n tr  of  iiiaiiy  falls — is  the  Ojibway  name 
of  the  river  commonly  called  Kaministiguia.  near  the  mouth  of  which  is  situ- 
ate Fort  William,  on  the  site  of  Dulaith's  olil  fort.  The  view  on  Thunder 
Hay  isone  of  the  grandest  in  America.  Thimder-Cap.  with  its  sleeping  stone- 
giant,  looms  ui>  into  the  heavens.  Here  Ka-lh-boiiikba — the  Ojihwav's 
god  of  storms,  flaps  his  huge  wings  and  makes  the  Thunder.  From  this 
mountain  he  sends  forth  the  rain,  the  snt)w,  the  Iiait.  the  lightning  ami  the 
tempest.  A  vast  giant,  turned  to  stone  !)}•  his  magic,  lies  asleep  at  his 
feet.  The  island  called  by  the  Ojibways  the  .)///• ///r//- ( the  turtle  i  from 
its  tortoise-like  shape,  lifts  his  huge  ft)rm  in  the  distance.  Some  "down- 
east"  \'ankee.  called  it  '■Pie-I>land,"'  from  its  (to  his  hungry  imagination) 
fancied  re.-emblance  to  a  pumpkin  pie,  and  the  name,  like  all  l)ad  names, 
sticks.  McKay's  Moimtain  on  the  main-land,  a  perpendicular  rock  more 
than  a  thousaml  feet  high,  up-heaved  by  the  throes  of  st)me  vast  volcano, 
and  numerous  other  bold  and  i)recipitous  heaiMands,  and  ro(  k-built  islands, 
around  whi<  h  roll  the  sapphire-blue  waters  of  the  t'athomless  bay.  present 
some  of  the  most  magnificent  views  to  l)e  found  on  either  continent. 

81  The  -Mission  of  the  Holy  Ghost — at  Fa  I'ointe,  on  the  isle  Waug-a- 
ba-me — (winding  view  »  in  the  beautiful  bay  of  Cha-quam-egon — was  found- 
ed by  the  Jesuits  about  the  year  1660.  and  Father  Rene  .Menard  was  the 
first  priest  at  this  point.  At"ter  he  was  lost  in  tiie  wilderness,  l-'ather 
Olaude  Alloue/  permanently  established  the  mission  in  1(^)65.  1  he  famous 
Father  .Marijuette.  who  took  Alloue/'s  place,  Sept.  1^^,  \U(n).  writing  to  his 
."superior,  thus  describes  the  Dakotas:  "The  Xadouessi  are  the  Iroijuois  of 
thi-i  country,  beyond  La  Pointe.  but  less  Jtiitlilcss.  ami  /iriir  attack  till  at- 
tackcJ.  Their  language  is  entirely  different  from  the  Huron  and  Algon- 
•  niin.  'I'hev  have  manv  villages,  but  are  widelv  scattereil.  The\  ha\e 
very  extraordinary  cu>toms.  The\' principally  use  the  calumet.  They  do 
not  speak  at  great  feast>.  and  when  a  stranger  arrives  gi\e  him  to  eat  of  a 
wooden  fork,  a--  we  would  a  child.  .\11  the  hike  tribes  make  war  on  them. 
but  with  small  success.  They  have  false  oats,  (wild  rice;  use  little  canoes. 
and  keep  their  'icarJ  stricth.'      Xeill's  Hist.  .Minn.,  p.   i  i  i. 


III! 


XOTES. 


55  Midiabo  the  (lood.  (Ireat  Spirit  f)f  the  Algonkins.  In  Autumn,  in 
the  moon  of  the  fallini;  leaf,  ere  he  rompose>  himself  to  his  winter's  sleep, 
he  fills  his  great  i)ipe  and  takes  a  god  like  smoke.  The  balmy  clouds  from 
his  pipe  float  over  the  hills  and  woodland,  filling  the  air  with  the  ha/e  of 
"Indian   Summer."     Hrinton's  Myths  of  the  New  World,  p.  i6_^. 

56  Pronounced  A'^///-///()'//.i,'^<///- -literally,  lite  place  of  waves  and  foam. 
This  was  the  principal  village  of  the  I-^antee  hand  «jf  Dakotas  two  hundred 
years  ago,  and  was  located  at  the  Kails  (jf  St.  Anthony,  which  the  Dakotas 
called  the  J/a-/ia, — pronounceil  Rliali-rhah. — the  louJ.  /am^/iini^  iva/crs. 
The  Dakotas  believed  that  the  Kails  were  in  the  centre  of  the  earth.  Here 
dwelt  the  (Ireat  I'liktehee,  the  creator  of  the  earth  and  man:  and  from 
this  place  a  path  led  to  the  Sjtirit-land.  Dul.uth  undoubtedly  visited  Ka- 
thaga  in  the  year  1679.  In  his  ".Memoir"  <'An.hives  of  the  Ministry  of  the 
.Marine)  addressed  to  Sei^nelay.  1685.  he  says:  "On  the  L'nd  t)f  July,  1679, 
I  had  the  honor  to  plant  his  Majesty's  arms  in  the  great  village  of  the  Na- 
douecioux  called  I/atys.  where  never  had  a  Frenchman  lieen.  etc."  Iza/ys 
is  here  used  not  as  tlie  name  of  the  village,  but  as  the  name  of  the  band— the 
Isantees.  AWr^//<v7>//.v  was  a  name  given  the  Dakotas  generally  by  the  ear- 
ly French  traders  and  the  Ojibways.  See  Shea's  Hennepin's  Descrii)tion 
of  Louisiana  pp.  203  and  375.  The  villages  of  the  Dakota>  were  not  perma- 
nent towns.  They  were  hardly  more  than  cami»ing  grounds,  occujiied  at 
intervals  and  for  longer  or  shorter  periods,  as  >uited  the  con\  enience  of 
the  hunters;  yet  there  were  certain  places,  like  .Mille  Lacs,  the  I'alls  of  St. 
.\nthony.  Kap6/a(nea!'  St.  Paul).  Kemnica.  1  where  the  city  of  Red  Wing 
Uvuv  stands),  and  Keiixa  (or  Keoza)  on  the  site  of  the  city  of  ^^'inona,  so 
frecpiently  occupied  by  several  of  the  bands  as  to  be  considered  their 
chief  villages  respectively. 


jNOTES  TO  THE  SEA-GULL 


1  Kay-oshk  is  the  Ojibway  name  of  Sea-CJiilI. 

2  Oitchee— great,— (hiinee— sea  or  lake.— Lake  Sii|.eri(.r :  also  often 
called  Orhi'i.we  (Ji'tchee  (niinee.  (Ireat  Lake  for  sea,  of  the  Ojil.ways. 

3  Xe-me-Shomis— my  grandfather.  "In  the  day>  of  my  (;ran(lfather"  is 
the  (»iib\vay"s  preface  to  all  his  traditions  and  legends. 

4  ^Vaub— white,— O-jeeg,— fisher,  (a  furred  animal.  ■  White  Fisher  was 
the  name  of  a  noted  Chippewa  Chief  who  lived  (m  the  south  shore  of  Lake 
SiijK:rior  many  y.ars  ago.     Schoolcraft  married  one  of  his  descendants. 

5  Ma-kwa  or  miish-kwa — the  bear. 

6  The  Te-ke-nah-gun  is  a  board  upon  one  side  of  which  a  sort  of  basket 
is  fastened  or  woven  with  thongs  of  skin  or  strips  of  cloth.  In  this  the  babe 
is  i»iaced.  and  the  mother  carries  it  on  her  back.  In  the  wigwam  the  tekc- 
nagiin  is  often  suspended  by  a  cord  to  the  lodge-poles  and  the  mother 
swings  her  babe  in  it. 

7  Wabose— the  rabbit.  Penay,  the  pheasant.  .\t  certain  season>  the 
pheasant  drums  with  his  wings. 

SKaug.  the  porcupine.      Renew,  the  war  eagle. 

9  Ka-be-bon-ik-ka  is  the  god  of  storms,  thunder,  lightning,  etc.  His  home 
ison  Thunder-Caj)  at  Thunder-Hay.  Lake  .Superior.  By  his  magic,  the 
giant  that  lies  on  the  mountain  was  turned  to  stone.  He  alwavs  sends 
warnings  before  he  finally  sends  the  severe  cold  of  winter,  in  order  to  give 
all  creatures  time  to  prepare  for  it. 


142 


NOTES  TO   THE  SEA    GUI.!,. 


■;ji 


In, 


VI 


«r 


lo  Ki'\v;iy<Iin  or  Kfu;iytin,  is  the-  North  wind  or  North  west  wind. 

I  I  Algcinkin  is  the  general  nanu.'  applied  to  all  tribes  that  speak  t'"' 
Ojihway  langiiaj;e  or  dialects  of  it. 

\2  This  is  the  t'avorite  "love  l)roth"  of  the  Ojibway  snuaws.     The  war 
rior  who  drinks  it  ininK'diately  falls  desperately  in  love  with  the  woman 
who  gives  it  to  him.     X'arious  tricks  are  devisetl  to  conceal  the  nature  of 
the  "medicine"  and   to  inthice    the    warrior    to  drink    it;  but  when    it   is 
mixed  with  a  liberal  (|nantity  of  "fire-water"  it  is  lonsidered  irresistable. 

1^5 'I'ranslation  ;       Woe-is-me!      W'oe-is-mel 
(ireat  Spirit,  behold  me  I 
Look.  Father;  have  pity  ui)on  me  I 
Woe-isniel      W'oe-is-me  I 

14  Snow  storms  from  the  North-west. 

15  'l"he  Ojibways.  like  the  Ihikotas,  call  the  \'ia  Lactca  [>>\\W'j  Way)  ' 
Pathway  of  the  Spirits. 

16  Shingebi's.  the  diver,  is  the  only  water-fowl  that  remains  about  Lake 
Superior  all  winter.     See  Schot)lcraft's  Hiawatha  Legends,  p.  113. 

17  Waub-c'se — tlie  white  swan. 

i(S  Pe'-bodn,  Winter,  is  represented  as  an  old  man  with  long  white  hair 
and  beard. 

19  Se-giin  is  Spring  or  Summer.  This  beautit'ul  allegory  has  been 
"done  into  verse"  by  Longfellow  in  Hiawatha.  I  took  my  version  from 
the  lips  of  an  old  Chippewa  Chief.  I  have  compared  it  with  Schoolcraft's 
version,  from  which  Mr.  Longfellow  evidently  took  his. 

20  Nah — look,  see.      Nashke' — beliold. 

2\  Kee-/.is— the  sun, — the  father  of  life.  Waubiinong — or  Waub  onong 
— is  the  White  Land  or  Land  of  Light, — the  Sun-rise,  tlie  I'^ast. 

22  'I'he  Uridge  of  Stars  spans  the  vast  sea  of  the  skies,  and  the  sun  and 
moon  walks  over  on  it. 

23  The  Miscodeed  is  a  small  white  flower  with  a  pink  border.  It  is  the 
earliest  blooming  wild-Hower  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Su[)erior,  and  belongs 
to  the  crocus  family. 


11  'M 


NOTES  TO   Tlfli  SEA    c;  I '/./.. 


143 


24  The  Ncl>ciK\\v-l)ai,i;s.  iuc  Water-spirits;  tlicy  dwi-ll  in  cavt-rns  in  tlu- 
(It'iitlis  of  tlie  luki',  and  in  some  respects  resemble  the  I  nktehees  ot'  the 
Dakotas. 

25  Ogema.  Cliief,  -()jfema-k\va--ft;niale  Ciiii'l".  Amon^  tlie  Algonkin 
tribes  women  are  sometimes  made  (  iiiefs.  W  et  n(')  kua.  wlio  adopted  Tan- 
ner as  iier  son.  was  Oge-ma  kwa  of  a  band  of  ( )ttawa->.  See  John  Tanner's 
Narrative,  p.  _^f). 

26 'I'he  "Bridge  of  Souls"  leads  from  the  earth  over  dark  and  slormv 
waters  to  the  Si)iritland.  The  "Dark  Ki\er"  seems  lo  haw  been  apart 
of  the  sii|)erstition  of  all  nations. 

27  'I'he  Jossakeeds  of  the  Ojibways  are  soothsayers  who  are  able,  by 
the  aid  of  spirits,  to  read  the  past  as  well  as  the  future. 


ERRATA. 


[Will  the  leader  please  correct  the  foliuwiiig  errur>  ot'  the  prllUer^^.  1  regret  to  tind 
them  so  numerous.  I  presume  there  are  others  i  have  overlooked  in  my  hasty 
reading. — H.  L.  G.J 

Page  31,  line  24 — Read  eyes  instead  of  .jf. 

"<^rt'  fathomed"  nistead  of  is,  etc. 
inoittces  instead  of  nioiitei's. 
sip  instead  ui  sipped. 
VVa'tanka.'' 

tv/ifA'-wingcil,  instead  of  <'(/,i,'-A'(/-\vinge.l. 
i'likte/iee,  instead  of  Uittclue. 
"let  the  word  of;/  warrior  be  sacred." 
"l)e  \\ii  friend  of  the  band  or  a  foenian." 
Xi7i>asti\  instead  of  lVii<<a.sti . 
"'{'ill  away  in  the  bend  u\  ///e  stream." 
l^Viikdn  insteail  of  IVa/idii. 
"dreamy  haze,"  instead  of  ■\lrenry  haze." 
Ta-tc-psin,  instead  of  Ma-tepsin 
Ooiik-tdy-liee  instead  of  Oon-Ktay-he. 
Wee-\\a-/.u-pee. 
I'll  -hi-c  III!  -  psK  n  g-iiue . 
I -ha  ha. 

•Which  i/iahe."  ni>tead  of  "ri;'///'(//  //tdi'e.y." 
V'li-hu  ll'tihdii.  in-itead  of  Taitha  Wahaii. 
Me-//(-a-lan-ka. 

"//.I'  huge  form,"  in  lieu  ot  "liis."  etc. 
'calk  instead  of  umlks. 
.\'('/-Mo-k\\a,  instead  of  (/'('/-no-kwa 


52, 

"     i<S 

62. 

'     26-29 

64, 

•3 

64. 

'     23 

05- 

'     29 

6<S, 

'     22 

69, 

5 

69, 

6 

72, 

'      •? 

74> 

'     '3 

74, 

'     29 

M. 

'     23 

S6, 

'     20 

^Z-s^ 

'       4 

134- 

'     35 

13.S. 

2 

136. 

■     12 

•36. 

'     23 

136, 

'     hi 

•37.     • 

6 

•39. 

'      '4 

142. 

'     29 

•43- 

5 

